基于频率衰减特性的面波压制方法

A method for suppressing surface wave by considering the characteristic of frequency attenuation

（中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院，北京100083）

Exploration & Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China

在地震资料常规处理过程中，通常在整个地震记录上进行高通滤波来消除低频面波，而很少考虑面波的频率衰减特性。这种方法的缺点在于压制面波的同时，地震记录上有效的低频信号也受到压制。为了克服常规压制面波方法的缺点，提出了一种新的衰减面波的处理方法：在地震记录上确定面波带，然后针对不同的炮检距选用不同的低切频在面波带里进行高通滤波。通过这样的处理，既可以保证面波的压制仅在面波带里进行，又可以较准确地确定不同炮检距的面波频率范围，从而有效地衰减了面波带里的面波能量，较好地保存了地震记录上的有效低频反射波成分

In seismic data process using conventional method, high pass filtering is usually carried out on seismic record to attenuate the low frequency surface wave without taking the characteristic of frequency attenuation into consideration. The conventional method has the disadvantage of suppressing effective low-frequency signals as well as surface wave. Aiming at this problem, a new method for attenuating surface wave was proposed, whose principles are that 1) the surface wave band is determined on seismic record, and 2) different low-cut frequencies are selected for high pass filtering in surface wave band with different offsets. Through the processing, surface wave attenuation can be surely carried out in surface wave band and can accurately identify the surface wave frequency range for different offsets. So, the energy of surface wave can be attenuated in surface wave band, and the effective low-frequency reflection waves can be well preserved.