基于方向信息测度的断层检测方法

Fault detection method based on direction information measurement

（成都理工大学信息工程学院，四川成都610059）

College of Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

常规的断层检测方法基于道间奇异性，在检测出断层的同时也会检测出噪声；利用大尺度的断层检测方法或将一些噪声压制方法与断层检测方法配套使用可以提高信噪比，但却容易模糊断层边界。因此，断层检测精度与信噪比之间存在矛盾。针对这一矛盾，考虑到方向性是断层与噪声的本质区别之一，提出一种基于方向信息测度的改进方法。 与传统的基于方向信息测度的方法相比，该方法可适用于边缘两侧信号无突变的情况。将该方法与小波小尺度边缘检测方法配套使用，可以有效地检测出断层的位置并压制噪声。利用该方法对某区实际资料处理后，断层成像清楚，断层方向与构造应力相关性较强，证明方法是有效的。

Traditional fault detection methods are based on the singularity among traces; the fault and noise are being detected at the same time. If large-scale fault detecting methods are adopted or noise suppression methods used together with fault detection methods, the signal-to-noise ratio will increase, resulting in fuzzy fault boundaries. Therefore, signal-to-noise ratio and detecting precision are incompatible during fault detection. In order to solve this problem, an improved method based on direction information measurement is proposed to suit the situation of non-catastrophe for signals outside the boundary, considering that directivity is one of the essential differences between fault and noise. This method in combination with the wavelet small-scale edge detecting method can effectively detect fault and suppress noise. The practical application shows that the imaging of fault is clear and the correlation of fault direction and structure stress is strong, which approved the validity of the method.