合成地震记录层位标定若干问题的探讨

Discussions about horizon calibration based on well-log synthetic seismogram

(1.中国石油大学（北京）中国石油天然气集团公司物探重点实验室，北京昌平102249；2.中国石油大港油田分公司勘探开发研究院，天津大港300280）

CNPC Key Lab of Geophysical Prospecting, University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

合成地震记录层位标定是连接地震、地质、测井工作的桥梁，是利用地震资料进行构造解释、储层分析和油藏描述的基础工作。对合成地震记录层位标定的若干问题进行了分析和讨论：经时间偏移的地震道信号来自于地层在成像射线轨迹上的反射，而不是来自地震道正下方地层的反射，合成地震记录上的反射与井旁地震道的反射在横向上存在偏离；基于一维褶积模型的合成地震记录没有考虑多次波和转换纵波的影响，与井旁地震道在地震波场上存在差异；井旁地震道经历了动校正、叠加等由叠前到叠后的处理过程，而合成地震记录由简单的一维褶积模型产生，两者的形成过程存在很大差异。因此，地震资料解释人员在积极探索和研究新的合成地震记录制作方法的同时，应该承认并正视两者的差异，并综合利用其它地质信息对地震反射层位进行标定。

Horizon calibration based on well-log synthetic seismogram is the bridge connecting geophysics, geology, and logging. It uses seismic data to do the basic work for structure interpretation, reservoir analysis and description. Signals on time migration seismic traces are from the reflection of layers on imaging ray traces, not from the reflection of the layers below. The reflection on synthetic seismogram and well-side seismic traces deviates horizontally. The synthetic seismogram based on 1-D convolution model does not consider the effect of multiples and converted wave, which is different from the well-side seismic traces on wave field. Well-side seismic traces and synthetic seismogram are generated in different ways, with the former one being generated from seismic data processing including NMO, pre-stack and post-stack imaging, and the latter one being generated from 1-D convolution. Therefore, seismic interpreters should recognize and face up to the difference between the two ones while new methods for synthetic seismogram are researched and developed and make use of geologic information for integrated horizon calibration.