塔里木盆地大沙漠区地震采集技术的发展及展望 ——可控震源地震采集技术在MGT地区的试验及应用

塔里木盆地大沙漠区地震勘探走过了30多年的历程。在此期间,技术和装备的发展使地震采集技术水平不断提高,地震成像质量逐步改善,目前已经形成了成熟的爆炸震源激发地震采集技术系列,为该区一系列勘探成果的取得和油气突破发挥了关键作用。由于塔里木盆地大沙漠区恶劣的地理环境、疏松的沙漠表层、缝洞型储集体和薄互层砂岩并存的勘探目标,以及超过7 000 m的最大勘探深度等一系列难点,使得可控震源激发技术一直难以得到有效应用。不久前在塔里木盆地沙漠区开展的以“点、线、束、面”逐步推进、对激发参数和观测系统不断优化为技术思路的可控震源三维地震采集试验获得成功,推动了塔里木盆地大沙漠区地震勘探进入应用可控震源进行“高效、安全、环保”的施工作业模式,开展高密度、宽方位、宽频带、高覆盖次数地震采集的新阶段。

The massive desert in Tarim basin has more than 30 years’ seismic exploration history.During the period,thanks for the development of geophysical technology and equipments,seismic acquisition has been improved continuously and high-resolution imaging has been acquired; moreover,a series of mature seismic acquisition techniques with explosion source has been formed,which played a key role for the achievements of hydrocarbon exploration in this area.The massive desert in Tarim Basin is characterized by harsh geographical environment,loose surface layers,fracture-cave reservoirs and thin bed reservoirs coexisting complex exploration targets,more than 7 000 m maximum exploration depth,which challenges the effective application of the vibroseis.Recently,a 3D vibroseis acquisition test has been successfully carried out in the massive desert,and the technical clue is that “survey parameters is optimized and vibrating points is acquired gradually from point,line,gathers to the whole area”.The successful test will certainly promote the vibroseis operation mode in Tarim Basin massive desert into more efficient,more safe and environmental friendly,carry out high-density,wide-azimuth and high-fold seismic acquisition.