薄层和薄互层叠后地震解释关键技术综述

薄层和薄互层油气藏是一类很重要的油气藏。由于地震数据对薄层的分辨能力有限,该类储层的地震预测难度较大。在文献阅读基础上,对多年的研究工作进行了总结,对薄层、薄互层叠后地震解释关键技术进行了梳理与综合评述,内容包括基于经典调谐理论的解释方法、特色属性提取与分析方法、基于地震沉积学的解释方法、拟声波反演技术、去薄层强屏蔽技术、压缩感知谱反演提高分辨率技术和模式识别砂体自动检测技术等7个方面。给出了每种方法技术的基本原理和物理意义,进行了模型测试与效果分析,并对实际应用效果进行了简要评述,对勘探开发人员做好薄层、薄互层的油气预测有一定的指导意义和借鉴作用。

Thin layer and thin interbed reservoirs are a very important class of oil and gas reservoirs.Because of seismic records,the ability to distinguish thin reservoirs is limited,the seismic fine description and prediction of these reservoirs are very difficult.In this paper we summarize many years of previous research works,sort out and expound on the key techniques of seismic interpretation for thin layer and thin interbed reservoirs.The contents include seven aspects:interpretation method based on classical tuning theory,method of characteristic attribute extraction and analysis,interpretation method based on seismic sedimentology,pseudo acoustic inversion technique,technique of removing the strong shield of the thin layer,compression sensing spectrum inversion technique to improve resolution and pattern recognition technique for automatic detection of the sand body.The basic principle and physical meaning for each method and technique are given; we provide a model test and the effect analysis.Additionally,the necessary judgments on the practical application effects are carried out.This study has certain guiding significance and may serve as a reference for exploration and development technicians to make oil and gas predictions for thin layer and thin interbed reservoirs.

国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05006-002,2016ZX05011-002)资助。