Title

The technology and development of “WBH” seismic exploration in land,China

单位

1.中国石油集团东方地球物理责任有限公司,河北涿州072750;2.中国石油天然气股份有限公司华北油田分公司,河北任丘062552;3.中国石油天然气股份有限公司玉门油田分公司,甘肃酒泉735019

Organization

1.BGP,Zhuozhou 072750,China;2.Huabei Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Renqiu 062552,China;3.Yumen Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Jiuquan 735019,China

摘要

“两宽一高”是指宽方位、宽频带和高密度地震勘探技术。从地震勘探高密度空间采样理念出发,系统地介绍了无假频检波、基于波动照明分析的观测系统优化、基于原始单炮信噪比的覆盖密度设计、基于叠前偏移子波均匀性的观测系统评价方法等新的地震勘探观测系统设计与评价方法;介绍了基于硬件改进的宽频激发和宽频接收技术,可以实现1.5Hz的低频和超过120Hz的宽频带激发技术;描述了可控震源滑动扫描方法、井炮高效激发技术、自动实时质量控制等高效采集作业技术,为“两宽一高”地震勘探技术的有效实施实现了技术配套。“两宽一高”地震资料与基于炮检距向量片(OVT)的五维处理技术的结合,发挥了“两宽一高”地震资料的优势,提高了地震勘探资料的成像精度。统计分析了近年该项技术的实际应用情况,并给出了该项技术在我国西部复杂山地和东部复杂城区的两个典型三维地震勘探应用实例。最后分析讨论了节点仪器采集、超高效混叠采集技术、智能化信息化控制管理技术和压缩感知技术,认为这些技术会成为今后地震勘探特别是地震勘探采集技术的发展趋势和方向。

Abstract

The WBH technology refers to “wide azimuth,broadband,and high-density” seismic exploration.Starting from the concept of high-density spatial sampling in seismic exploration,this paper systematically introduces a number of new designs and techniques for evaluating a seismic observation system,namely:no-aliasing detection,optimization based on wave illumination analysis,coverage density design based on the signal-to-noise ratio of single-shot record,and evaluation based on the pre-stack migration wavelet uniformity.Broadband excitation and broadband reception technology based on hardware improvement are introduced in this paper,which can realize broadband excitation at frequencies from as low as 1.5Hz to over 120Hz.In addition,some efficient acquisition technologies are described in this paper,namely:the vibroseis sliding scanning method,the well-gun high-efficiency excitation technology,the automatic real-time quality control.These technologies support the effective implementation of the WBH seismic exploration.The five-dimensional processing technology based on offset vector tile has fully taken advantage of WBH seismic data and improved the imaging accuracy of seismic exploration.In this paper,some recent practical applications of the WBH technology have been summarized,such as its use in the three-dimensional seismic exploration in complex mountain areas in western China,and that in complex urban areas in eastern China.Finally,this paper states the trends and directions in the development of seismic acquisition technologies,such as the node instrumentation acquisition,the super-efficient aliasing acquisition,the intelligent informatized control management,and the compressed sensing technology.

关键词：

两宽一高; 高效采集; 宽频激发; 宽频检波器; 动态扫描; 实时监控; 数字化管理; 谐波干扰;

Keywords:

wide azimuth;; broadband and high density(WBH);; efficient seismic acquisition;; broadband excitation;; broadband geophone;; dynamic scanning;; real-time monitoring;; digital management;; harmonic interference;

基金项目

国家科技重大专项“陆上宽频高密度地震勘探配套技术”(2017ZX05018-003)资助。

DOI

10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2019.05.002

国内陆上“两宽一高”地震勘探技术及发展