可控震源地震资料处理中需要关注的问题探讨

可控震源高效采集技术广泛应用于宽方位、高密度地震勘探,该技术在提高野外施工效率获得TB级地震数据的同时,给室内数据处理带来了相位和初至不清晰、特有噪声严重、数据量大的挑战。在分析可控震源采集数据的相位和初至波变化特点、不同类型的噪声及其特征等的基础上,讨论了可控震源地震资料处理中需要关注的问题。针对可控震源子波零相位特点,采用可控震源地震资料小相位处理技术,以满足反褶积等处理技术对相位假设的需求;针对可控震源采集的地震资料初至不清楚的不足,采用初至波优化处理及人工智能初至拾取技术,以满足处理中基于初至波的静校正技术的应用条件;针对可控震源地震资料存在的谐波干扰、“黑三角”强能量干扰、邻炮干扰等特殊噪声,采用针对性技术予以识别与压制,以提高地震资料信噪比;针对可控震源采集的地震数据量大的特点,采用数据特征统计方法与数据压缩技术对地震资料进行质量分析与监控。某沙漠区可控震源采集地震资料处理实例证明,上述处理技术应用效果良好。

Highefficiency acquisition technology using vibroseis has been widely used in wideazimuth and highdensity seismic exploration.While it improves the efficiency of field operations to obtain TBlevel data,it also brings challenges to inhouse data processing,including unclear phase and first break,specific interference and the massive volume of data generated.In this study,the phase characteristics,first arrival variations,different types of noise and their characteristics in vibroseis seismic data were analyzed,and key aspects involved with the processing stage are discussed.In view of the zero phase characteristic of the vibroseis wavelet,phase minimization was adopted to meet the needs of novel technologies.Because the first arrival of vibroseis acquisition data is not clear,FB optimization and artificial intelligence firstbreak selection were used to meet the requirements of static correction,based on the first arrival wave.Because of the particular noise in vibroseis seismic data,including harmonic interference,“black triangle” strong energy interference,adjacent source interference,and novel technology was used to suppress them during processing.Furthermore,because of the large amount of vibroseis data generated,statistical methods and data compression were applied to analyze and monitor data quality.Tests on field data from a desert area verified the effectiveness of the proposed technology.