地震匹配追踪技术与应用研究进展

匹配追踪作为一种自适应信号分析方法,由于其具有良好的地震数据稀疏表示特性,在地震资料处理及解释领域得到了越来越多的关注。匹配追踪技术有三大要素:匹配子波母函数、匹配子波库和匹配追踪分解算法。匹配追踪首先要构建匹配子波库或子波字典,其类型有超完备子波库、正交子波库和动态子波库。匹配子波母函数在早期用Gabor子波,现在常用Morlet子波和Ricker子波。匹配追踪分解算法是匹配追踪技术的核心,分为贪婪算法、正交匹配追踪算法、快速匹配追踪算法。在深入调研的基础上,梳理了地震匹配追踪分解与重构技术的发展历程及研究进展,系统阐述了匹配追踪技术的基本原理,剖析了匹配追踪技术的加速策略,并总结了匹配追踪技术在地震资料处理、解释领域的应用现状。理论及应用实例研究表明,地震匹配追踪技术算法灵活、应用效果良好,具有广阔的发展前景。

As an adaptive signal analysis method,matching pursuit has attracted an increasing attention in seismic data processing and interpretation in relation to its good sparse representation of seismic data.The matching pursuit algorithm is based on three elements:a mother wavelet,a matching wavelet bank,and a matching decomposition algorithm.The matching wavelet bank (or wavelet dictionary) should be constructed first.It may include an over-complete wavelet bank,an orthogonal wavelet bank,and a dynamic wavelet bank.For the mother wavelet,the Gabor wavelet was initially used.More recently,however,it has been replaced by the Morlet wavelet or the Ricker wavelet.The matching decomposition algorithm is the core of the matching pursuit algorithm.Various strategies for this algorithm exist,namely the greedy algorithm,the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm,and the fast matching pursuit algorithm.In this review,recent research advances on matching pursuit decomposition and reconstruction technologies were described,together with a systematic presentation of the principles of matching pursuit.In addition,different kinds of acceleration strategies were introduced,and the current state of implementation of matching pursuit in seismic data processing and interpretation was outlined.Theoretical and experimental results showed that matching pursuit is a flexible tool with good applicability,and therefore can offer good perspectives for development.

国家自然科学基金项目(41874146,41974153)资助。