小型储气罐火灾工况数值模拟分析

Numerical Simulation of External Fire Condition of Small Gas Storage Tank

万宇飞 陈建玲 李立婉 朱睿 王文光 刘英雷

Yufei Wan Jianling Chen Liwan Li Rui Zhu Wenguang Wang Yinglei Liu

中海石油（中国）有限公司 天津分公司，天津 300459 中油工程项目管理公司 天津设计院，天津 300450

Tianjin Branch，China National Offshore Oil Corporation Limited，Tianjin 300459，China Tianjin Design Institute of CNPC Engineering Project Management Company，Tianjin 300450，China

以某输气管线气液联动执行机构中的储气罐为例，利用Ansys Fluent软件建立同比例三维模型，模拟火灾工况下，外部热量不断输入，罐内压力和罐体温度随时间的变化情况。利用Aspen Hysys软件模拟计算该小型储气罐在火灾工况下安全泄放所需的最小安全阀口径。结果表明，当钢制储气罐外部发生火灾时，罐体温度和罐内压力急剧升高，在很短的时间内就能达到储气罐坍塌温度和储气罐设计压力；达到钢制储气罐坍塌温度的时间滞后于达到储气罐设计压力的时间；从安全的角度，设置安全阀可安全有效泄放气体，即使储气罐发生坍塌，也有助于降低事故发生的危害程度；确定的安全阀最小口径为0.03 cm2，建议选型的安全阀口径不低于0.05 cm2。

Taking the gas storage tank in a gas?liquid linkage actuator of a gas transmission pipeline as an example, the software Ansys Fluent was used to establish a 3D model with the same proportion, to simulate the change of pressure and temperature with continuous heat input when external fire occur. Aspen Hysys was used to calculate the minimum PSV diameter required for safe discharge under fire conditions. The results show that the temperature and pressure of the tank rise sharply, reaching to the steel tank collapse temperature and design pressure in a very short time, when the external fire occurs. The time to reach the collapse temperature of steel tank is lagged behind the time to reach the design pressure of the gas tank. From a security perspective, the PSV should be set, which can also help to reduce the damage of the accidents even if the tanks collapse. The minimum diameter of the PSV calculated by Aspen Hysys is 0.13 cm2, and the recommended diameter of the PSV is no less than 0.15 cm2.

国家科技重大专项“渤海油田高效开发示范工程”(2016ZX05058004?003)

10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2021.05.011