论文详情
纵波和横波虽然同为地震弹性波,但是动力学特征差异显著。与地震纵波相比,地震横波对地下介质的横波速度和密度更为敏感,因此联合反演地震纵波和横波有助于更好地估算速度和密度参数,提高储层描述和流体检测的精度。回顾了多波联合反演的发展历程,其中纵横波旅行时反演具有较高的计算效率,但由于反演结果精度有限,难以直接用于油气检测;多波AVO反演利用地震波振幅信息反演多个弹性参数,有效提升了横波速度、横波阻抗、密度等参数的反演精度。大量实际应用结果表明,多波联合反演为提高储层定量化预测精度提供了有效途径,而多波数据匹配是保证多波联合反演结果可靠性的重要基础。继续发展深度域反演技术、智能化反演算法将有助于推动多波联合反演的应用。近年来横波可控震源技术的快速发展,极大地提升了纯横波地震数据的品质。最新现场试验结果表明,纯横波地震数据已具备与纵波地震数据相当的品质,并在实际生产中显示出较好的应用前景:SH-SH波可用于疏松砂岩气云区的高精度成像,SV-SV波可用于准确、可靠的高分辨率密度反演。因此基于横波震源的九分量地震勘探将是未来多波勘探技术的重要发展方向,需要进一步提升和完善对地震横波响应特征的认识,明确横波与纵波的动力学特征差异,为地震纵、横波油气直接检测提供重要的理论依据和方法支持。
There is a significant difference in the dynamic characteristics of compressional and shear waves.The propagation of seismic shear waves is more sensitive to shear wave velocity and density,when compared with seismic compressional waves.A better estimate of velocity and density may be acquired using joint inversion of seismic compressional waves and shear waves to improve the accuracy of reservoir description and fluid interpretation.This study reviews the development of multi-wave joint inversion.It is difficult to directly use PP and PS-wave traveltime inversion for oil and gas detection due to limited accuracy,despite its high computational efficiency.Multi-wave amplitude variation with offset (AVO) joint inversion uses seismic wave amplitudes to invert multiple elastic parameters.This effectively improves the accuracy of shear wave velocity,shear wave impedance,density,and other parameters.The results from numerous practical applications have demonstrated that multi-wave joint inversion is an effective means to improve the accuracy of quantitative prediction.Multi-wave data matching is an important foundation to ensure the reliability of multi-wave joint inversion results.The development of depth-domain inversion and intelligent inversion algorithms will aid in the promotion of multi-wave joint inversion applications.The rapid development of shear wave vibrator technology in recent years has significantly improved the quality of pure shear wave seismic data.Recent field tests have shown that pure shear wave data is of a comparable quality to compressional wave data.The former has demonstrated promising application potential;for example,SH-SH waves may be used for high-accuracy imaging of loose sandstone gas cloud areas,whereas SV-SV waves may be used for accurate and reliable high-resolution density inversion.In future,it is anticipated that nine-component seismic exploration based on the shear wave source will be an important development direction for multi-wave exploration technology.It is necessary to further improve and deepen the understanding of the seismic wave response characteristics and the dynamic characteristics of the shear and compressional waves to provide support for the direct detection of oil and gas.
基金项目：国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05018005,2017ZX05035003-001)、中国石油天然气集团有限公司中国石油大学(北京)战略合作科技专项(ZLZX2020-03)和中国石油天然气集团公司科学研究与技术开发项目(2019A-33)共同资助。