单点高密度地震技术进展、实践与展望

随着油气勘探开发的深入,以胜利油田为代表的东部老区普遍进入到复杂隐蔽油气藏勘探阶段,勘探对象日趋复杂,表现为“薄、小、碎、散、深、隐”的特点,传统的地震技术已不能满足日益复杂的地质目标的识别与描述需求。为了破解东部老区勘探开发难题,“十五”以来,胜利油田先后在垦71、罗家、义东等区块开展了高密度地震技术探索,在大量攻关实践的基础上,提出了“单点激发、单点接收,具有小面元、宽频带、宽方位、高炮道密度特征,以方位各向异性理论为基础,采用宽频全方位处理、五维数据解释”的新一代高密度地震技术,研发了适用的独具特色的单点高密度地震采集技术、宽频全方位处理技术和五维数据解释理论与方法,找到了一条适用于东部老区油气勘探开发的高密度地震技术路线,形成了可复制的单点高密度地震技术。自2015年以来,胜利油田东部老区实施了16块单点高密度三维地震,满次面积3699km2。近3年新发现圈闭625个,三级储量2.21×108t,部署井位279口,桩海斜25、丰深斜11等井获得高产,探井成功率由44.6%提高到62.5%。支撑新建产能42.1×104t。单点高密度地震技术成为复杂隐蔽油气藏勘探的核心技术,大量的实践表明该技术是解决成熟探区高效勘探、效益开发的利器,取得了显著的经济和社会效益,其推广应用前景广阔,下一步通过开展全节点高密度地震、压缩感知、“人工智能+地震”的相关研究,相信单点高密度地震技术将在新老探区勘探开发中发挥更大的技术支撑作用。

With the advancement of oil & gas exploration and exploitation,mature oilfields in East China,represented by Shengli Oilfield,are currently in the stage of complex subtle reservoir exploration.Traditional seismic exploration technology can no longer meet the demand of subtle reservoir exploration,which requires the identification of “thin,small,broken,fragmented,deep,and subtle” reservoirs.Since 2001,high-density seismic exploration has been successively conducted in Ken 71,Luojia,Yidong,and other surveys of Shengli Oilfield.Based on research and practice,a new generation of high-density seismic exploration technology series has been proposed,including single-sensor high-density acquisition technology,with the features of a small bin,wide frequency band,wide azimuth,high shot-channel density,azimuth anisotropy based broadband,omni-directional processing,and 5D data interpretation.These are suitable for the further exploration of mature oilfield in East China.Since 2015,16 surveys have been acquired by single-sensor high-density seismic acquisition,with a total coverage area of 3699km2.The subsequent exploration achievements,including the discovery of 625 new traps in the recent three years,identification of class III reserves of 2.21×108t,deployment of 279 wells,discovery of the high production wells Zhuanghaixie-25 and Fengshenxie-11,increased success rate of exploration wells from 44.6% to 62.5%,and new production of 42.1×104t,have made single-sensor high-density seismic

technology the main tool for complex subtle reservoir exploration.Numerous practical use cases show that the single-sensor high-density seismic technology is a sharp tool that can enable efficient exploration and benefit exploitation in mature oilfields.Looking to the future,full node high-density seismic acquisition,compressed sensing,and “AI+seismic” combined with single-sensor high-density seismic technology are likely to play increasingly important roles in oilfield exploration and exploitation.