论文详情
裂缝密度、发育方位和充填物类型等裂缝参数的预测在很多工程领域起到非常重要的作用。在油气勘探方面,裂缝参数预测方法众多,其中基于纵波属性随入射角和方位角变化(五维地震)的裂缝预测技术具有预测范围广、分辨率高等优势,近年来受到越来越多的关注。在第一部分(Ⅰ)综述了裂缝储层等效各向异性岩石物理理论研究现状与进展的基础上,第二部分(Ⅱ)从椭圆拟合分析和基于等效各向异性岩石物理理论的裂缝参数预测两个方面,综述了具有不同复杂程度的裂缝储层五维地震预测方法研究现状。第一个方面概要介绍了AVO梯度椭圆拟合和杨氏模量椭圆拟合两种方法,AVO梯度椭圆拟合较杨氏模量椭圆拟合操作更简单,但杨氏模量椭圆拟合较AVO梯度椭圆拟合预测结果更稳定。第二个方面根据采用的岩石物理理论差异,从三个角度分别总结了当前国内外裂缝密度、裂缝方位和流体分布的五维地震预测技术研究现状。在此基础上,给出西南某页岩气工区裂缝参数预测实例。随着勘探目标预测难度的不断增大,未来应关注更稳定的模型参数化、正演算子和反演算法构建方法及复杂地层中模型参数的解耦策略研究,以提高裂缝参数预测精度,同时强各向异性介质反演理论也是未来的探索方向。
Fracture parameters,such as fracture density,orientation,and filling,play critical roles in engineering fields. In hydrocarbon exploration,the prediction technology for fracture parameters based on five-dimensional seismic data has the advantages of wide prediction range and high resolution and has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Therefore,based on the introduction of equivalent anisotropic petrophysical theory of fractured reservoir in the first section (Ⅰ),we will review five-dimensional seismic prediction methods for fracture reservoirs with different complexities focusing on two aspects:ellipse fitting analysis and fracture parameter prediction based on equivalent anisotropic petrophysical theory. Regarding the first aspect,the AVO gradient ellipse fitting and Young's modulus ellipse fitting methods were summarized. The AVO gradient ellipse fitting is simpler than the Young's modulus ellipse fitting,but the prediction result of the latter is more stable than that of the former. In addition,based on the differences in petrophysical theories,the development status of prediction technology for fracture density,orientation,and fluid distribution using five-dimensional seismic data at home and abroad is summarized from three perspectives. On this basis,an example of fracture parameter prediction in gas-bearing shale reservoirs in southwest China is provided. With increasing difficulties in reservoir characterization,we should pay attention to the decoupling of model parameters in complex strata,more feasible and stable methods of model parameterization,and the construction of forward and inversion algorithms in the future to improve the prediction accuracy of fracture parameters. At the same time,the inversion theory of strongly anisotropic media should be explored further in the future.
国家自然科学基金项目(42030103)资助。