论文详情
近年来,光纤传感技术已经应用于地面地震数据、海洋地震数据、井中地震数据和井地联合地震数据的采集,推动了光纤传感技术在地球物理特别是地震数据采集领域的应用。对国内外应用于陆地、海洋和井中的光纤地震数据采集系统进行了简要介绍,重点关注了分布式光纤声波传感(DAS)技术在井中地震数据和井地联合地震数据的采集、处理和综合解释中的应用。光纤传感技术是一项革命性的新技术,光纤因体积小、不带电、分布式、高密度、多参量、耐高温、高压、全段接收和低成本等特征,必将带来井下、海洋和陆地地球物理技术的一场革命。井中分布式光纤声波传感技术已广泛应用于井中VSP数据采集、水力压裂微地震监测和精准工程监测,可实现油气井全生命周期监测、管理和使用。分布式光纤传感技术在油气资源勘探开发领域的规模化推广应用,已经从井中延伸到陆地和海洋;从井下单分量测量拓展到井下和陆地三分量测量(螺旋形绕制的铠装光缆);从单井单参数测量发展到了多井多参数同步测量,调制解调仪器也从单通道单参数发展到了多通道多参数复合调制解调系统。光纤传感技术应用已经由地震勘探领域延伸至油气藏开发领域,围绕光纤应用的地球物理技术对地下结构的静态刻画和动态永久监测逐步形成光纤油藏地球物理技术的基础。展望未来,分布式三分量光纤声波传感技术将在井中、陆地(沙漠)和海洋中用来替代常规三分量检波器采集高密度全波场三分量地震数据,可实现陆地、海洋和井下的高效率、低成本、高密度三分量地震数据采集。此外,研制开发集分布式光纤声波、温度、应变传感于一体的多分量、多参数、多通道复合调制解调仪器;开展耐高温、高瑞利散射系数、抗氢损和弯曲不敏感特种光纤的研制与批量生产;三分量分布式光纤声波(地震波)传感数据采集系统的研制;高密度分布式三分量光纤地震数据处理软件的开发;井地三分量联采地震数据的联合偏移成像方法研究;套管外铠装光缆定位定向技术与设备研发和与之配套的定向射孔光缆避射技术的发展;人工智能技术在光纤传感领域的推广应用等,必将推动光纤地球物理技术的创新性发展,实现对整个油气田储层的光纤智能油藏感知、描述、模拟和监测,智能优化开发方案和生产制度,在未来智慧油气田的建设中发挥重要的技术支撑作用。
In recent years,optical fiber sensing systems have been applied to the acquisition of land 3C seismic,marine 4C seismic,borehole seismic,and borehole-surface joint seismic data,which has promoted the application of optical fiber sensing techniques in geophysics,especially in the field of seismic data acquisition.This paper briefly introduces optical fiber seismic data acquisition systems applied in land,marine,and boreholes around the world,and focuses on the application of the distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technique in the acquisition,processing,and comprehensive interpretation of borehole seismic data and borehole-surface jointly acquired seismic data.Optical fiber sensing is a novel and revolutionary technique.Because of their small size,non-electrical nature,distribution,high density,multi-parameter nature,high-temperature and high-pressure resistance,full cable sensing capability,and low cost,optical fibers will bring a revolution in borehole,marine,and terrestrial geophysical data acquisition.The downhole distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technique has been widely used in VSP data acquisition,hydraulic fracturing microseismic monitoring,and precision engineering monitoring.It can thus achieve the entire life cycle monitoring,management,and use of oil and gas wells.The large-scale application of distributed optical fiber sensing techniques in the exploration and development of oil and gas resources has extended from well to land and marine environments,from downhole 1C measurements to downhole and terrestrial 3C measurements,and from single well single parameter measurements to multi-well multi-parameter simultaneous measurements.The capability of the demodulation instrument also has been enhanced,from a single channel and single parameter system to multi-channel and multi-parameter composite demodulation systems.The application of optical fiber sensing techniques has extended from the field of seismic exploration to oil and gas reservoir development and production.The static characterization and dynamic permanent monitoring of subsurface structures based on optical fiber application gradually form the basis of optical fiber reservoir geophysical technology.In the future,the distributed three-component optical fiber acoustic sensing technology will be used to replace the conventional three-component geophone to collect high-density full-wave field three-component seismic data in the well,land (desert),and sea,which can realize high-efficiency,low-cost,and high-density three-component seismic data acquisition on land,sea,and underground.In addition,a multi-component,multi parameter and multi-channel composite modulation and demodulation instrument integrating distributed optical fiber acoustic wave,temperature,and strain sensing needs to be developed.Future directions of research include the development and mass production of special optical fibers with high temperature resistance,high Rayleigh scattering coefficient,hydrogen loss resistance and bending insensitiveness;the development of a three component distributed optical fiber acoustic wave (seismic wave) sensing data acquisition system;the development of a high-density distributed three component optical fiber seismic data processing software;research on a joint migration imaging method of well ground three component combined mining seismic data;research and development of a positioning and orientation technology,as well as development of an armored optical cable outside the casing and a supporting directional perforation optical cable anti shooting technology.In addition,with vigorous promotion and application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of optical fiber sensing,all the developments will promote the implementation of the optical fiber geophysical technology,which will achieve the optical fiber-based intelligent reservoir sensing,description,simulation and monitoring of the whole oil and gas field reservoir.Finally,these developments will lead to an intelligent optimization of development schemes and production systems,and will play an important technical support role in the construction of smart oil and gas fields in the future.