论文详情
随着分布式光纤传感仪器的不断革新和光纤数据处理方法的持续进步,人们已经在国内外多个探区开展了光纤井中地震技术的应用试验,解决诸如复杂地质构造分析、井控处理参数提取、储层岩性预测等地球物理问题。在中国西部地区,受储层埋深较大、井下温度压力较高等因素影响,常规井中检波器数据采集受到很大制约,光纤井中地震技术在该地区具有一定的优势。介绍了光纤井中地震技术在中国西部地区的系列试验,并分析讨论了在不同地区的应用效果,第一,在复杂构造地区,设计了光纤与常规检波器联合观测系统,采集得到了理想的井中地震数据,通过光缆噪声压制、一致性校正等处理工作,得到了用于刻画复杂构造特征的井中地震成像剖面;第二,在薄层油气勘探区,设计了光纤井地联合采集观测系统,提取井控处理参数辅助地面地震处理,得到了用于岩性描述和薄层识别的高精度井控地震成果;第三,在复杂表层结构区,提出了光纤深井微测井观测方法,并探索了轻型震源与光纤组合的改进技术,为砾岩、黄土塬等复杂表层结构分析提供支持;第四,在碳酸盐岩储层勘探地区,进行了光纤井中地震地质导向试验,证明了光纤井中地震技术具有时效性好、安全系数高、适用性强等特点。结合光纤井中地震技术在中国西部地区的实际应用情况,建议在未来几年内光纤井中地震技术应该致力于数据信噪比提升处理方法攻关,以及光纤在祼眼井中的井壁耦合工艺等方面的研究。
Along with the continuous development of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) instruments and the progress of DAS data processing methods,DAS borehole seismic technology has been applied in many exploration areas to solve geophysical problems such as the analysis of complex geological structures,the extraction of processing parameters,and the prediction of reservoir lithology.Owing to the large depth,high temperature,and pressure in wells in western China,data acquisition by conventional geophones is hindered,while DAS borehole seismic technology offers certain advantages.In this study,a test application of DAS borehole seismic technology was conducted.First,with reference to a complex structural area,a joint observation system entailing optical fibers and conventional geophones was designed,and good quality borehole seismic data were acquired.After optical cable noise suppression and consistency correction,the borehole seismic imaging profile could be used to describe the complex structural characteristics.Second,with reference to a thin reservoir area,an optical fiber well-ground joint acquisition and observation system was designed.The well-controlled processing parameters were extracted and used for two- and three-dimensional surface seismic processing,and high-precision seismic profiles for lithology description and thin layer identification were obtained.Third,with reference to a complex surface structure area,an optical fiber logging observation method was proposed.The method was then improved by combining light vibrators and optical fibers,so as to provide support for the analysis of complex surface structures such as gravel and loess tablelands.Fourth,with reference to a carbonate reservoir area,an optical fiber seismic guidance test was carried out.The test results demonstrated that the proposed method is timely,safe,and has a good applicability.Finally,further development of optical fiber borehole seismic technology was discussed in the light of real-world applications.
国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFB0605603)、中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大工程技术现场试验项目(2020F-40)、中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目(2019E-25、2019E-26)以及中国石油化工股份有限公司研发项目(P18070-5)共同资助。