含油污泥热化学清洗剂研究进展

Research Progress of Thermochemical Cleaning Agent for Oily Sludge

冯宪明 周金喜 王邻睦 陈建宝

Xianming FENG Jinxi ZHOU Linmu WANG Jianbao CHEN

中海油能源发展装备技术有限公司，天津 300452

CNOOC Energy Development Equipment Technology Co. Ltd. ，Tianjin 300452，China

含油污泥组成极其复杂，稳定性高，处理难度大，已被列为危险废物名录。目前对含油污泥的处理技术包括溶剂萃取、热化学清洗、超声辅助处理以及生物处理等。其中，热化学清洗技术具有易于操作、可靠性强等优点，其技术关键在于清洗剂的选取。介绍了不同类型的单一清洗剂，包括无机盐清洗剂、化学表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂；对不同类型单一清洗剂的复配进行分类和总结，着重论述了非离子?阴离子表面活性剂复配、非离子?非离子表面活性剂复配、碱性无机盐?表面活性剂复配和两种生物表面活性剂复配的研究进展。基于此，对热化学清洗剂的发展方向进行展望，以期提高对含油污泥的清洗效果。

Oily sludge has been classified as hazardous waste because of its complex composition， high stability and difficult treatment. At present， the treatment technologies of oily sludge include landfill， solvent extraction， thermochemical cleaning， ultrasonic assisted treatment and biological treatment. Among them， the thermochemical cleaning technology has the advantages of easy operation and high reliability， and the key technology lies in the selection of cleaning agent. Different types of single cleaning agents are introduced， including inorganic sal cleaning agents， chemical surfactants and biological surfactants. This paper classifies and summarizes the compound of different types of single cleaning agents， and focuses on the mechanism of the compound of non?ion?anionic surfactant， non?ion?non?ionic surfactant， alkaline inorganic salt?surfactant and biological surfactant. Based on this， the development direction of thermochemical cleaning agent is prospected in order to improve the cleaning effect of oily sludge.

中海油能源发展股份有限公司科技项目(HFKJ?ZDGG?ZB?2021?14)

10.12422/j.issn.1672-6952.2023.05.002