中国近海深水深层油气地球物理勘探实践与展望

随着中国海洋油气勘探程度的提高, 近海浅层规模构造油气藏发现越来越少, 深水、深层等复杂油气藏成为重点勘探方向和领域。针对深水、深层面临的油藏地质问题, 开展了一系列勘探实践, 形成了潜山宽照明三维地震勘探技术、深层古近系岩性圈闭高精度地震勘探技术、富含煤地层下薄储层高分辨率地震勘探技术和深水宽频地震勘探技术等创新成果, 并在渤海深层潜山、南海深水和东海深层低孔渗等领域取得一系列勘探突破。但是, 深水、深层勘探仍然面临构造复杂、裂缝发育和各向异性特征强等问题, 造成地震波场复杂、信噪比低, 成像质量差和岩石物理关系不清等难题, 需要在采集装备、采集方式、关键处理方法、基于复杂介质理论的勘探技术和重、磁、震一体化勘探等方面开展进一步的攻关研究。

Large-scale structural oil and gas reservoirs in shallow formations are becoming less common as China's offshore oil and gas exploration increases, and complex reservoirs in deep water and deep formations are becoming the primary exploration targets.CNOOC has formulated a series of exploration practices to address geological problems in deep-water and deep-formation exploration, and has achieved a variety of innovations including wide-illumination 3D seismic exploration technologies for buried hills, high-precision seismic exploration technologies for Paleogene lithologic traps in mid-deep formations, high-resolution seismic exploration technologies for thin reservoirs in coal-rich strata, and deep-water broadband seismic exploration technologies.These technologies have aided in the discovery of buried hills in the Bohai Sea, deep water in the South China Sea, and low-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs in deep formations of the East China Sea.Currently, deep-water and deep-formation exploration still faces a series of problems, such as complex structures in deep formations, a chaotic seismic wave field, a low signal-to-noise ratio, poor imaging quality, fracture development, strong anisotropy, and unclear petrophysical relationships.Therefore, further research in the fields of acquisition equipment, acquisition geometry, processing methods, complex-medium-theory-based exploration technologies, and integrated gravity, magnetic, and seismic exploration is required.