论文详情
为了解决珠江口盆地番禺4洼西侧缓坡带古近系地震数据处理中信号弱、多次波干扰及低信噪比等问题, 研究采用了多项关键技术, 包括三维τ-p变换鬼波压制和浅水多次波压制等技术。这些技术旨在通过增强地震资料的信噪比来提高解释精度, 尤其在洼陷内部地层接触关系和基底成像上取得了突破性进展。研究发现, 研究区地震资料有效反射通常集中在6~36 Hz, 由于低频和高频端信号的缺失, 地层接触关系的精细刻画受到限制。因此, 提出利用上述关键技术改善地震资料品质, 其中鬼波压制技术成功分离和抑制了鬼波噪声, 而浅水多次波压制技术则针对性地预测和衰减了多次波。综合应用这些技术后, 成像剖面显示古近系内幕成像得到显著改善, 波组特征更明显, 地层接触关系更合理, 并且中深层复杂断裂的成像质量也得到了显著提升。结果表明, 鬼波压制和浅水区去多次波技术的应用显著提升了中深层地震资料的品质, 对珠江口盆地特别是番禺4洼及其邻近地区的油气勘探活动具有重要意义, 并为相似沉积环境下地震成像剖面品质改善提供了新的技术路线。
Several key technologies have been adopted to overcome the challenges such as weak signals, multiple wave interference, and low signal-to-noise ratio in the seismic data of the Paleogene strata on the western gentle slope of Panyu 4 sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. These technologies include 3D τ-p transform ghost wave suppression, shallow-water multiple wave suppression, and high-precision velocity modeling. These technologies can enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data to improve interpretation accuracy, and achieve breakthroughs particularly in the delineation of intra-sag strata contacts and basement imaging. It is found that effective reflections are typically concentrated in 6~36 Hz, but the absence of low- and high-frequency signals limits the detailed delineation of strata contacts. Hence, the use of the aforementioned technologies has been proposed to improve the quality of seismic data. The ghost wave suppression technology successfully separates and suppresses ghost wave noise, while shallow-water multiple wave suppression technology specifically predicts and attenuates multiples. The integrated application of these techniques has resulted in significant improvements in the imaging of the Paleogene interior structure, clearer wave group characteristics, more reasonable strata contact relationships, and notably enhanced imaging quality of complex faults in the medium-deep strata. The conclusion emphasizes that the application of ghost wave suppression and shallow-water multiple wave suppression technologies has significantly improved the quality of medium-deep seismic data, which is of great importance for oil and gas exploration in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, especially in Panyu 4 sag and its adjacent areas. It provides a new technical approach for improving the quality of seismic imaging in similar depositional environments.