水中固体颗粒对结垢与阻垢的影响及机理

Effect and Mechanism of Solid Particles on Scaling and Inhibition

董梅玉 杨海燕 潘谦宏 汤 颖

DONG Meiyu YANG Haiyan PAN Qianhong TANG Ying

结垢对油田油气集输系统危害严重，使用阻垢剂是抑制油田结垢最有效的方法之一。传统的阻垢剂评价方法未考虑油田水中存在的悬浮不溶性固体粒子（黏土、粉砂等）因素是否影响评定结果。以CaCO3结晶过程为研究对象，采用电导率法研究过饱和溶液中悬浮性固体粒子（碳酸钙粉末、二氧化硅粉末、钙基黏土）对碳酸钙沉积过程的影响以及阻垢剂效果的影响。结果表明：在实验温度为 70 ℃、转速为 300 r/min 的条件下，阻垢剂在含有悬浮不溶性固体粒子的过饱和溶液中的阻垢效果降低，主要是因为过饱和溶液中的悬浮固体颗粒会加速碳酸钙晶体生长速率，加快 CaCO3晶体的生成，从而影响阻垢效果。本研究证实了常规结垢与阻垢评价方法存在与现场水质不符，容易导致评价结果与现场试验误差较大的情况，需要针对现场水质进行有针对性地评价。

The use of scale inhibitors is one of the most effective ways to inhibit scale formation in oilfield oil and gas gathering and transmission systems. The traditional evaluation method of scale inhibitor does not consider whether the suspended insoluble solid particles（clay，silt，etc.）in oilfield water affect the evaluation results. Taking CaCO3 crystallization process as the research object， the influence of suspended solid particles （calcium carbonate powder， silicon dioxide powder， calcium-based clay） in supersaturated solution on the calcium carbonate deposition process and the effect of scale inhibitor were studied by conductivity method. The experimental results showed that at the experimental temperature of 70 ℃ and speed of 250 r/min，the scale inhibition effect of the scale inhibitor in the supersaturated solution containing suspended insoluble solid particles was reduced，mainly because the suspended solid particles in the supersaturated solution would accelerate the growth rate of calcium carbonate crystals， accelerate the formation of CaCO3 crystals，and thus affect the scale inhibition effect. This study confirmed that the conventional scaling and scale inhibition evaluation methods are not consistent with the field water quality，which is easy to lead to large errors between the evaluation results and the field test. It is necessary to carry out targeted evaluation for the field water quality.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2024.01.021