乳化沥青提高原油采收率研究进展

Research Progress on Emulsified Asphalt for Enhanced Oil Recovery

张贵才 王 磊 胡俊杰 王 翔 蒋 平 裴海华

ZHANG Guicai WANG Lei HU Junjie WANG Xiang JIANG Ping PEI Haihua

乳化沥青具有注入性能好、封堵强度高等优点，作为一种选择性堵剂在油田提高采收率领域比其他化学剂体系更具应用潜力。本文总结了国内乳化沥青堵水体系的开发历程及现场选择性堵水的应用效果。通过调研近年来国内外文献，概述了乳化沥青堵水的作用机理，一种是作为乳液的作用机理，主要是乳液颗粒被变形捕获产生贾敏效应和乳液液滴的机械滞留使水的流动阻力增大；另一种是其分散相也就是乳液破乳后沥青的作用机理，主要是沥青黏附在岩壁上起到的堵水作用。同时，总结了乳化沥青稳定的主要影响因素，包括温度、水相中的电解质浓度和pH值以及分散相中的沥青质，并且论述了各因素影响乳化沥青稳定性的作用机理。最后，详细叙述了乳化沥青应用于油田调剖堵水领域的最新研究进展，研究表明乳化沥青不仅具有优异的封堵效果，还具有独特的封堵选择性。此外，乳化沥青还能与CO2吞吐、泡沫调驱组成复合增产技术进行现场应用，并且指出了乳化沥青应用于调剖堵水领域存在的问题与未来展望。

Emulsified asphalt has the advantages of good injection performance and high blocking strength，which has more potential for application than other chemical agent systems as a selective plugging agent in the field of oilfield recovery enhancement. In this paper，the development history as well as the application results of the domestic emulsified asphalt water plugging system were summarized. The action mechanism of emulsified asphalt plugging was overviewed by researching domestic and international literature in recent years. First，the emulsion particles in the emulsified asphalt system are captured at the pore throats through deformation，and thus the jamin effect occurred to at the pore throats，increasing the resistance to water flow. In addition，after the emulsified asphalt is broken，the asphalt undergoes agglomeration and adheres to the rock wall to play the role of water plugging. At the same time，the main factors affecting the stability of emulsified asphalt were summarized，including temperature，electrolyte concentration in the aqueous phase，pH value and asphaltene in the dispersed phase，then the mechanism of each factor affecting the stability of emulsified asphalt was discussed. Finally，the latest research progress of emulsified asphalt applied in oilfield profile control and water plugging was described in detail. The analysis showed that emulsified asphalt not only has excellent plugging effect，but also has unique plugging selectivity. In addition，emulsified asphalt can be used in field application by combining with CO2 huff and puff or foam modulation drive. The problems and prospects of emulsified asphalt application in the field of anatomical water plugging were pointed out.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2024.01.022