裂缝性低渗透/致密油藏泡沫封窜机理与新进展

Foam Channeling Blocking Technology Mechanism and New Progress in Fractured Low Permeability/Tight Reservoirs

许星光 张 鹏 张希文 张 旭 王 超

XU Xingguang ZHANG Peng ZHANG Xiwen ZHANG Xu WANG Chao

针对我国裂缝性砂砾岩油藏窜漏问题及致密油藏超低的孔隙度与基质渗透率，多采用注气以保持地层能量，但由于存在裂缝，致使气窜严重，因此需要进行防气窜措施以抑制气窜。通过梳理国内外的研究，从气液分异和黏性指进的角度分析了泡沫驱见气特征。泡沫主要通过降低气相相对渗透率、调剖作用、气体上浮驱油作用、对原油的选择性、流度控制作用和乳化作用进行封窜。在综合分析泡沫驱见气特征和泡沫封窜机理的基础上，详细论述了国内外深部封窜技术，包括泡沫防气窜技术和泡沫封窜体系。从渗透率范围、起泡剂浓度、注入方式、注入速度、含油饱和度、体系组成6个方面分析了防气窜措施的影响因素，介绍了低渗透致密储层中泡沫封堵的施工效果。最后，对该类油层封窜技术未来的发展方向提出了建议。泡沫体系在油藏深层封闭领域具有重要意义，尤其在低渗透/致密油藏中，其性能评价指标和封堵能力均有明显改善，并且对高渗透、裂缝和非均质油藏也有较好的适应性。

Gas injection is often used to maintain formation energy due to the problem of leakage in fractured conglomerate reservoirs and ultra-low porosity and matrix permeability in tight reservoirs. However，due to the existence of fractures，gas channeling is serious，so it is necessary to take anti-gas channeling measures to restrain gas channeling. By combing the research at home and abroad，the characteristics of foam drive gas were analyzed from the perspective of gas-liquid differentiation and viscous fingering. The foam mainly channeled by reducing the relative permeability of gas phase，profile control，gas floating oil displacement，oil selectivity，fluidity control and emulsification. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of gas detection and the mechanism of foam sealing and channeling，the deep sealing and channeling technologies at home and abroad， including foam anti-gas channeling technology and foam sealing and channeling system，were discussed in detail. The influence factors of anti-gas channeling measures were analyzed from six aspects：permeability range，foaming agent concentration，injection method，injection speed，oil saturation and system composition. The construction effect of foam plugging in low permeability tight reservoir was introduced. Finally，the future development direction of this kind of reservoir sealing channeling technology was proposed. Foam system played an important role in deep reservoir sealing field，especially in low permeability and tight reservoir. Its performance evaluation index and plugging effect had been significantly improved. It also had a good adaptability in high permeability，fracture and heterogeneous reservoirs.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2024.01.023