中国页岩气新区带、新层系和新类型勘探进展、挑战及对策

Advances， challenges， and countermeasures in shale gas exploration of underexplored plays， sequences and new types in China

邹才能 董大忠 熊伟 傅国友 赵群 刘雯 孔维亮 张琴 蔡光银 王玉满 梁峰 刘翰林 邱振

Caineng ZOU Dazhong DONG Wei XIONG Guoyou FU Qun ZHAO Wen LIU Weiliang KONG Qin ZHANG Guangyin CAI Yuman WANG Feng LIANG Hanlin LIU Zhen QIU

近年来，中国页岩气聚焦 “三新”（尚未开展工作或工作程度低的新区带、新层系及新类型）领域，加大理论攻关与勘探力度，页岩气增储上产再上新台阶。基于中国页岩气“三新”领域理论与勘探新进展，分析其勘探特点、变化趋势和发展前景，探索中国特殊页岩气地质理论，明确页岩气发展挑战与对策。结果表明：中国在四川盆地及邻区创新建立了五峰组-龙马溪组特色的高-过成熟度海相页岩气富集理论，累计发现页岩气田9个，探明页岩气地质储量近3×10 m，形成了450×10 m/a的页岩气产能，年产页岩气250×10 m。明确了近年来中国页岩气 “三新”领域勘探具三大特点：①四川盆地及邻区五峰组-龙马溪组在深层、极浅层勘探取得重大新发展；②四川盆地筇竹寺组和吴家坪组等多个新层系实现新突破；③鄂尔多斯盆地西缘乌拉力克组获得新发现，东缘山西组取得新突破。页岩气 “三新”领域的勘探实现了三大战略性转变：①目标由单一类型、单一盆地和单一层系转变为多类型、多盆地和多层系；②选区由盆内或盆缘为主转变为盆内、盆缘兼顾盆外弱改造区；③思路由纯粹富有机质页岩转变为富有机质页岩系统。通过梳理中国页岩气 “三新”领域勘探挑战，指出“三新”领域是中国页岩气可持续发展的方向，并提出了下一步发展对策。

In recent years， China has shifted its focus of shale gas exploration to underexplored plays， sequences and new types （collectively referred to as the “three new fields”）. This shift has led to intensified efforts in addressing theoretical challenges and enhanced exploration， elevating both the reserves and production of shale gas to new levels. Based on new advances in theoretical research and exploration in the three new fields， we analyze the characteristics， trends， and prospects of shale gas exploration in these fields， explore theories on the unique shale gas geology in China， and identify challenges in shale gas exploration and corresponding countermeasures. The results indicate that China has developed innovative theories on the enrichment of highly- to over-mature marine shale gas with distinct characteristics of shales in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations within the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas. A total of nine shale gas fields have been discovered in China with proven geological reserves of approximately 3×10 m， resulting in a shale gas productivity of 450×10 m/a， and an annual shale gas production of 250×10 m. Furthermore， we ascertain three major characteristics of the shale gas exploration in the three new fields in China： （1） significant progress in deep and extremely shallow strata for shale gas exploration of the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations within the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas； （2） breakthroughs in multiple underexplored units， such as the Qiongzhusi and Wujiaping formations in the Sichuan Basin； and （3） discoveries and breakthroughs in the Wulalike and Shanxi formations located on the western and eastern margins of the Ordos Basin， respectively. Three major strategic shifts have been achieved： （1） a shift in exploration target from a single type， basin， and unit to multiple types， basins， and units； （2） a shift of target area selection from focusing on the interiors or peripheries of basins to including basins’ exterior with weak tectonic modification； （3） a shift in the exploration philosophy from pure organic-rich shales to organic-rich shale systems. Analyzing challenges in shale gas exploration in the three new fields in China leads to the conclusion that these fields both represent the direction for the sustainable development of shale gas in China and need corresponding countermeasures for their progress.

10.11743/ogg20240201