马来酸酐与烯丙基磺酸钠共聚物的聚合过程及阻垢性能

Polymerization Process and Scale Inhibition Performance of Maleic Anhydride and Sodium Allyl Sulfonate Copolymer

梁骏逸 邹金成 李林 张熙 梁兵

LIANG Junyi ZOU Jincheng LI Lin ZHANG Xi LIANG Bing

为了分析马来酸酐（MA）与烯丙基磺酸钠（SAS）聚合过程的影响因素，在配方和工艺基本不变的情况下， 设计了两种变量：中和度和引发剂加量。通过改变其中一个变量，合成了一系列MA/SAS共聚物，采用核磁共振 波谱仪和凝胶渗透色谱仪对产物进行了表征。结果表明，MA与SAS共聚活性良好，中和度不超过100%时（相 对于MA的物质的量分数），少量引发剂加量（2.4 g 过硫酸钠）下就有较高的单体转化率，但仍有6%～8%的单体 未聚合。剩余单体的种类和数量与中和度以及引发剂加量息息相关。MA在水溶液中部分水解成了马来酸，尽 管马来酸数量较少，但其聚合活性相对较差，导致共聚物的分子量呈双峰分布。添加碱可以中和马来酸，当中和 度不超过100%时，马来酸主要变为具有较好聚合活性的马来酸单钠盐，间接促进了MA类单体的聚合；当中和 度为200%时，马来酸主要变为马来酸二钠盐，其聚合活性相对较差，严重阻碍了聚合；未中和以及中和度为 100%时，需7.0～7.2 g 引发剂才能将单体全部转化，而在适当的中和度（约20%）下，用少量引发剂（4.0～4.2 g）就 可以获得聚合较完全的共聚物，节约了大约40%的引发剂用量。用较佳条件下合成的MA/SAS 共聚物对碳酸 钙、磷酸钙和硫酸钙的静态阻垢性能进行了研究，共聚物表现出良好的阻磷酸钙垢和阻硫酸钙垢、较好的阻碳酸 钙垢性能，对应的最大阻垢率分别为94.38%、100.00%、59.03%。

In order to analyze the polymerization process of maleic anhydride（MA）and sodium allyl sulfonate（SAS），two variables were designed，such as neutralization degree and initiator dosage，while the formula and process remained basically unchanged. A series of MA/SAS samples were synthesized by changing one of the variables，and then were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer and gel permeation chromatograph. The results showed that the copolymerization activity of MA and SAS was good. When the neutralization degree did not exceed 100%（relative to the mole percentage of MA），a small amount of initiator （2.4 g sodium persulfate） would cause a high monomer conversion，but 6% —8% of the monomers remained unpolymerized. The type and quantity of remaining monomers were closely related to the neutralization degree and initiator dosage. MA was partially hydrolyzed into maleic acid in aqueous solution. Although the amount of maleic acid was relatively small，it could make a bimodal molecular weight distribution of the copolymer as a relatively poor polymerization activity. Adding alkali could neutralize maleic acid. When the neutralization degree did not exceed 100%，maleic acid mainly became a monosodium maleate with good polymerization activity，indirectly promoting the polymerization of MA monomers. When the neutralization degree was 200%，maleic acid mainly turned into disodium maleate，which had relatively poor polymerization activity and seriously hindered polymerization. When it was not neutralized or the neutralization degree was 100%，it took 7.0—7.2 g of initiator to convert all the monomers. At an appropriate neutralization degree（about 20%），a small amount of initiator（4.0—4.2 g）was needed. A more completely polymerized copolymer could be obtained，saving about 40% of the initiator dosage. The static scale inhibition performance of calcium carbonate，calcium phosphate，and calcium sulfate was studied using MA/SAS copolymers synthesized under optimum conditions. The copolymers showed excellent inhibition of calcium phosphate scale and calcium sulfate scale，as well as good inhibition of calcium carbonate scale. The corresponding maximum scale inhibition rates were 94.38%，100.00% and 59.03%，respectively.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2024.02.021