微观剩余油分布及提高采收率评价方法

Evaluation Method for Microscopic Residual Oil Distribution and Enhanced Oil Recovery

杨忠全 程婷婷 罗陶涛 李俊 严文德 侯吉瑞

YANG Zhongquan CHENG Tingting LUO Taotao LI Jun YANWende HOU Jirui

随着常规油藏进入高采出程度和高含水“双高”阶段，剩余储量可动用性变差，稳油增产难度日益增加。为 长期挖潜油藏剩余油，加强剩余油分布赋存状态及表征，全面了解剩余油分布规律成为提高原油采收率的必要 前提。通过梳理国内外针对不同油藏开展的岩心分析、一维岩心驱油、微观驱油实验，并结合激光共聚焦、核磁 共振成像、CT扫描成像、荧光分析等技术，从定性到定量对一到三维微观剩余油分布研究方法进行全面总结。 结果表明，含油薄片分析因高保留残余油分布状态、能真实反映残余油原貌特征且技术成熟成为研究残余油分 布的基本实验方法；传统岩心驱油模型是研究剩余油分布规律及提高采收率机理必不可少的实验方法，可反映 真实储层情况，但只能从宏观视角分析不同因素对渗透效果的影响；真实岩心可视化模型可有效弥补传统岩心 驱油模型的不足，但可视化实验装置耐高温高压有限，制作成本较高，图像处理不太清晰；微流控模型作为新兴 技术，参数可控、实验重复性高，同时可将各种驱油模式下的微驱过程、流体的流动情况进行可视化展示，为评价 驱油效果提供一条新途径，但简化的微观多孔模型与实际驱替实验结果仍存在一定差距。以核磁共振成像技 术、X射线CT成像技术为主的成像分析技术凭借各自优势与真实岩心实验相结合，成为从微观角度有效描述剩 余油分布特征的重要方法。该综述将为了解现有剩余油研究方法提供重要借鉴，为不同类型储层进行剩余油分 布、高效开发、提高原油采收率等研究提供理论支撑。

As conventional oil reservoirs enter the“double high”stage of high production and high water content，the availability of remaining reserves decreases and then the difficulty of stable oil production increases. To tap the remaining oil in reservoir for a long time，it is necessary to strengthen the characterization and understanding of the distribution of remaining oil. By combing the core analysis，one-dimensional core oil repulsion and microscopic oil repulsion experiments carried out at home and abroad for different reservoirs，and combining the techniques of laser confocal，nuclear magnetic resonance imaging，CT scanning imaging and fluorescence analysis，this article comprehensively summarized the research methods on the distribution of one- to threedimensional microscopic residual oils from qualitative to quantitative. The results showed that the oil-bearing thin section analysis was the basic experimental method to study the distribution of residual oil with high retention of the residual oil distribution state， which could truly reflect the characteristics of residual oil and was mature. The traditional core driving model was an indispensable experimental method for the study of the residual oil distribution law and the mechanism of improving recovery，which was the most reflective of the real reservoir situation. But it could only analyze the influence of different factors on the permeability effect from the macroscopic point of view. The real core visualisation model could effectively make up for the shortcomings of traditional core oil repulsion model. But the visualisation experimental device had limited resistance to high temperature and high pressure. Meanwhile，the production cost was high，and the image processing was not very clear. Microfluidic control model，as an emerging technology，had controllable parameters and high experimental reproducibility. At the same time，it could display the microdrive process and the flow of fluids visually under various oil repulsion modes，which could provide a new way of evaluating the effect of oil repulsion. However，there was still a certain gap between the simplified microscopic porous model and the results of actual displacement experiments. The imaging analysis technology mainly based on nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technology and X-ray CT imaging technology，with their respective advantages，combined with the real core experiments，had become an important means of effectively describing the characteristics of residual oil distribution from a microscopic perspective. This review provided important references for researchers to understand the existing research methods for remaining oil，and then provided theoretical support for the study of remaining oil distribution，efficient development，and improved oil recovery in different types of reservoirs.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2024.02.024