中国含油气盆地不同构造样式及其油气地质意义

Structural styles and their geological significance to petroliferous basins of China

郭齐军 邓铭哲 张晨雨 单帅强 倪春华 王斌

Qijun GUO Mingzhe DENG Chenyu ZHANG Shuaiqiang SHAN Chunhua NI Bin WANG

多类型构造样式的控油气作用是油气勘探面临的重要科学问题。基于前人研究认识成果、勘探经验的总结，对中国含油气盆地内不同构造样式的演化及成因模式进行了系统梳理，解析了不同构造样式对油气成藏的控制作用。研究认为：①中国含油气盆地主要发育伸展构造、收缩构造、走滑构造和叠加构造4种构造样式。伸展构造主要控制盆地建造过程，收缩构造、走滑构造主要控制盆地改造过程。②不同构造类型的控油气作用差异明显，伸展构造主要控制盆地烃源岩、有利储集体和盖层等油气聚集成藏要素的发育，收缩构造、走滑构造和叠加构造主要控制油气运移与圈闭条件的演化。③在构造与其他要素复合作用下，断裂自身也可以作为一类储集体，成为油气聚集的空间，这一类断裂油气藏是当前油气勘探的新领域。

The control of various structural styles on hydrocarbon accumulation proves to be a major scientific challenge for hydrocarbon exploration. Based on a summary of previous research achievements and exploration experience， we systematically organize the evolution and genetic models of different structure styles in the petroliferous basins of China， and analyze their control on hydrocarbon accumulation. The findings are as follows： （1） Four major structural styles are identified in petroliferous basins of China： extensional， contractional， strike-slip， and superimposed structures. The extensional structure， among others， primarily controls basin formation， while the contractional and strike-slip structures principally govern basin reconstruction. （2） These structural styles play significantly different roles in hydrocarbon generation， migration， and accumulation. Specifically， the extensional structure controls the development of source rocks， favorable reservoirs， and cap rocks， key factors to hydrocarbon accumulation in the basins. In contrast， the contractional， strike-slip， and superimposed structures dictate hydrocarbon migration and the evolution of traps. （3） Under the combined influence of tectonics and other factors， faults themselves can serve as reservoirs， providing spaces for hydrocarbon accumulation. This fault reservoir represents an emerging hydrocarbon exploration target presently.

10.11743/ogg20240303