基于自适应时窗的矢量分解去噪方法

基于有效信号与噪声的矢量存在差异的特点, 发展并形成了一种自适应时窗矢量分解(adaptive time window vector decomposition, ATW-VD)去噪方法。该方法将地震记录瞬时属性引入到时窗系数求解中, 根据瞬时属性反映的地震记录特征自适应调节时窗尺度, 以平衡不同区域地震记录矢量分解去噪和有效信号振幅保护的能力。将该方法应用于一套含噪声模型地震数据的处理, 并与经典的固定时窗矢量分解(fixed time window vector decomposition, FTW-VD)去噪结果进行了比较, 验证了方法的正确性和有效性, 并将该方法应用于实际地震数据处理中。研究结果表明, 该方法能够更加精确地提取地震信号的矢量方向特征, 有效利用了有效信号与噪声之间的矢量角度差异压制噪声; 在压制空间上无方向特性、延续时间短的噪声时具有较大的优势, 特别适用于随机噪声、50Hz电缆波和尖脉冲等噪声的压制; 在保护有效信号振幅、波形等特征的同时可大幅度提高地震资料的信噪比。

A denoising method using adaptive time window vector decomposition (ATW-VD) is developed based on the differences between effective signal and noise vectors.The instantaneous attributes of seismic records are employed to solve time window coefficients; the scale of time window is adaptively adjusted based on instantaneous attributes, which indicate seismic characteristics, to balance vector decomposition denoising and signal amplitude preservation in different regions.Based on a noisy data set, we compare ATW-VD denoising with the classical denoising method using fixed time window vector decomposition (FTW-VD) and verify the correctness and effectiveness of the new method.The application to field data processing shows that our method can accurately extract the vector-direction features of seismic signals and effectively utilize signal-noise vector-angle differences for noise reduction.It is feasible for suppressing spatially directionless noises with short duration, especially random noises, cable waves of 50Hz, and bursts.ATW-VD denoising can significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data while preserving true amplitude and waveform.