论我国页岩油气的统一性

Discussion on the uniformity of shale oil and gas in China

郭旭升 申宝剑 李志明 万成祥 李楚雄 李倩文

GUO Xusheng SHEN Baojian LI Zhiming WAN Chengxiang LI Chuxiong LI Qianwen

1. 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室, 北京 102206; 2. 中国石化 页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室, 北京 102206; 3. 中国石化 石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 102206; 4. 中国石化 石油勘探开发研究院 无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏 无锡 214126

1. State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development, Beijing 102206, China; 2. SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration & Production Technology, Beijing 102206, China; 3. SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China; 4. Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China

页岩油气是我国重要的油气战略资源，具有赋存于页岩层系中、自生自储的特征。2012年我国涪陵页岩气获得突破，形成了海相页岩气“二元富集”理论，即深水陆棚优质泥页岩发育是页岩气“成烃控储”的基础，良好的保存条件是页岩气“成藏控产”的关键。近年来，页岩油高效勘探开发实践表明，我国陆相页岩油同样具有“二元富集”特征。通过解剖我国典型页岩油气藏特征，将页岩油气纳入同一套成烃、成储、成藏体系中，进一步深化页岩油气“二元富集”理论内涵，形成页岩油气富集统一性新认识，并对未来深化研究趋势进行展望。研究表明：①以半深水—深水陆棚相和半深湖—深湖相为主的沉积环境是页岩油气成烃控储的基础，不仅控制着页岩的有机质丰度与类型，也控制着优质储层和有利岩相组合的分布；②稳定的构造条件、有效的顶底板封盖和页岩自封闭性共同形成的以地层超压为依据的良好的保存条件是页岩油气成藏控产的关键，为页岩油气的富集与高产提供关键保障；③页岩油气形成与富集是一个统一的动态演化体系，以热演化为主线，有序形成页岩油、凝析油和页岩气；④今后研究中重点加强常非一体化的评价思路，深化常非油气资源的分配系数，从整体的角度思考油气的分配规律。相关研究成果对深化页岩油气富集理论和指导页岩油气勘探开发具有重要的科学与实践意义。

Shale oil and gas are important strategic resources in China’s energy sector, existing in shale formations with self-generation and self-storage characteristics. In 2012, a significant breakthrough was achieved in Fuling, China, with the discovery of marine shale gas, which led to the formulation of the “two-factor enrichment” theory. This theory proposes that the development of high-quality mud shale in deep-water continental shelves is fundamental for hydrocarbon generation and controlled storage, while favorable preservation conditions are key to reservoir formation and controlled production. Recent efficient exploration and development practices in shale oil and gas have indicated that China’s continental shale oil also exhibits “two-factor enrichment” characteristics. By analyzing the characteristics of typical shale oil and gas reservoirs in China, this study incorporates shale oil and gas into a unified system of hydrocarbon formation, storage, and accumulation, further deepening the theoretical connotation of the “two-factor enrichment” theory and forming a new understanding of the uniformity in shale oil and gas enrichment. Future research trends are also explored. Results show that: (1) Sedimentary environments dominated by semi-deep to deep-water continental shelves and semi-deep to deep lakes are the basis for hydrocarbon generation and controlled storage, controlling both the abundance and type of organic matter in shales as well as the distribution of high-quality reservoirs and favorable lithofacies combinations. (2) Stable tectonic conditions, effective top and bottom seals, and self-sealing properties of shale, in conjunction with overpressure, provide good preservation conditions that are crucial for reservoir formation and controlled production, providing key guarantees for the enrichment and high production of shale oil and gas. (3) The formation and enrichment of shale oil and gas are part of a unified dynamic evolutionary system, with thermal evolution as the main driver, following the sequential formation of shale oil, condensate oil, and shale gas. (4) Future study should focus on strengthening the integrated evaluation of conventional and non-conventional resources, deepening the understanding of distribution coefficients for conventional and non-conventional oil and gas, and considering the distribution patterns of oil and gas from a holistic perspective. The research results have important scientific and practical significance for deepening the theory of shale oil and gas enrichment and guiding their exploration and development.

中国石化十条龙项目“复兴侏罗系陆相页岩油气勘探开发关键技术”(P21078)资助。

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz202405889