细粒沉积岩测井评价研究进展

Advances in well log-based assessments of fine-grained sedimentary rocks

庞小娇 王贵文 岳大力 李栋 李红斌 王重阳 匡立春 赖锦

Xiaojiao PANG Guiwen WANG Dali YUE Dong LI Hongbin LI Chongyang WANG Lichun KUANG Jin LAI

细粒沉积岩是致密油气、页岩油气的烃源岩层和储集层，是石油地质研究的重点和前沿领域，测井评价细粒沉积岩在非常规油气勘探开发中具有非常重要的意义。通过系统分析国内外细粒沉积岩测井评价技术进展，研究认为：细粒沉积岩在常规测井基础上结合新技术测井开展了岩性、物性、电性、含油性、可动性、润湿性、脆性、烃源岩特性和地应力各向异性等“七性+”特性评价。进一步发展为细粒沉积岩储集性、含油性、可动性和可压性“新四性”评价方法。依据岩性、岩相、孔隙类型和微观孔隙结构、页理、总孔隙度和有效孔隙度等参数评价细粒沉积岩储集性。根据黏土矿物分布、、游离烃含量、含油饱和度、赋存状态及可动油量等参数评价细粒沉积岩含油性。通过成熟度、地层压力、原油密度、原油黏度及气/油比等参数评价细粒沉积岩油可动性。依据黏土矿物成分和含量、脆性矿物成分和含量、杨氏模量、泊松比及最大和最小主应力等参数评价细粒沉积岩可压性。通过成像测井切片技术实现细粒沉积岩米级、毫米级甚至微米级纹层的人工识别与评价。用测井资料开展细粒沉积岩岩相识别与评价。细粒沉积岩测井从常规测井法、新技术测井法向基于数学统计的人工智能法发展。

Fine-grained sedimentary rocks， which serve as the source rocks and reservoirs of tight/shale oil and gas， are the focus and frontiers of petroleum geology. The log-based assessments of these rocks hold great significance for the exploration and exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbons. In this study， the advances in both domestic and international log-based assessment techniques are systematically analyzed for fine-grained sedimentary rocks. The analytical results indicate that the combination of conventional and emerging logging techniques allows for the assessment of more than seven properties of fine-grained sedimentary rocks， including lithology， physical and electrical properties， oil-bearing capacity， oil mobility， wettability， brittleness， and source rock property. The log-based assessment of fine-grained sedimentary rocks has， therefore， further evolved into the assessment of their reservoir property， oil-bearing capacity， oil mobility， and fracability， collectively known as the “new four properties”. Specifically， the reservoir property of these rocks is assessed based on parameters such as lithology， lithofacies， pore type， microscopic pore structure， lamellation， total porosity， and effective porosity. Their oil-bearing capacity is assessed using parameters like clay mineral content， content， free hydrocarbon content， oil saturation， oil occurrence， and movable oil content. The oil mobility in fine-grained sedimentary rocks is assessed according to parameters such as maturity， formation pressure， crude oil density and viscosity， and gas/oil ratio. The fracability of these rocks is assessed using parameters like the respective compositions and contents of clay and brittle minerals， Young’s modulus， Poisson’s ratio， and the maximum and minimum principal stresses. The formation micro-imaging （FMI） logging slicing technology enables the manual identification and assessment of meter-， millimeter-， and even micron-scale laminae in fine-grained sedimentary rocks. Additionally， log data facilitate the identification and assessment of the lithofacies of fine-grained sedimentary rocks. The techniques and methods for log-based assessments of fine-grained sedimentary rocks are evolving from conventional and emerging logging techniques toward artificial intelligence approaches based on mathematical statistics.

10.11743/ogg20240405