基于3D打印和纳米黑卡技术提高缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层采收率

Enhanced Oil Recovery in Fractured-vuggy Carbonate Reservoirs Based on 3D Printing and Black Nano-sheet Technology

张 炜 侯吉瑞 屈 鸣 吴伟鹏 梁 拓 孙海童 潘以诺

ZHANG Wei HOU Jirui QU Ming WU Weipeng LIANG Tuo SUN Haitong PAN Yinuo

为有效改善塔河油田缝洞型油藏因注水注气开发而导致产量逐年降低的问题，通过3D打印技术制作3种等比例缩小的三维可视化缝洞储集体物理模型，包括风化壳、断控岩溶、暗河储集体模型。通过透射显微镜和原子力显微镜表征了片状纳米黑卡的微观结构，研究了纳米黑卡的油水界面吸附性、润湿反转性及在3种物理模型中的驱油效果，结合矿场实际情况选取两类典型结构单元井组开展井间驱替和单井替油矿场先导试验。结果表明，纳米黑卡的平均尺寸约为80×60×1.2（nm），比表面积大；具有良好的两亲性，可在油/水界面形成稳定的吸附层；具有良好的润湿反转性，可将石英片表面由油湿改变为水湿。在风化壳、暗河、断控岩溶三维模型中，纳米黑卡驱可在水驱基础上分别提高原油采收率11百分点、8百分点、7百分点，风化壳储集体受益效果最明显。15 轮次矿场试验结果表明，纳米黑卡驱油不适用于3种岩溶储集空间的单井替油开采方式；风化壳暗河岩溶储集空间构成的井组具有良好的井间联通性和较高的受效程度，为最佳矿场应用选择区域。矿场受效率高达85.7%，且增油量显著，累计增油约5000 吨。研究结果为塔河油田缝洞型油藏后续开展纳米黑卡驱油技术提供现场指导理论依据。

In order to effectively improve the problem of production decrease year by year due to water injection and gas injection development in fractured-vuggy reservoirs，Tahe oilfield，three equally scaled 3D visual physical models of fractured-vuggy reservoirs were created through 3D printing，including weathered crust，fault-controlled karst，and underground river reservoir models. Subsequently，the microstructure of the black nano-sheet was characterized through TEM and AFM. The oil-water interface adsorption，wetting reversal property and oil displacement effect of the black nano-sheet in three physical models were studied. Based on the actual situation in the field，two types of typical structural unit well groups，such as inter-well and single-well were selected to carry out field pilot tests. The results showed that the average size of black nano-sheet was about 80×60×1.2（nm），and the specific surface area was large. It had good amphipathic property and then could form a stable adsorption layer at the oil/water interface. It had good wetting reversal property and then could change the surface of quartz plate from oil to water. In the 3D models of weathered crust，underground river and fault-controlled karst，black nano-sheet flooding could increase crude oil recovery by 11 percentage point，8 percentage point and 7 percentage point respectively on the basis of water flooding. The weathered crust reservoir had the most obvious benefit effect. Besides，field test results of 15 rounds showed that black nano-sheet flooding was not suitable for single-well replacement production methods in three karst reservoir spaces. The well group composed of weathered crust and underground river karst reservoir spaces had good inter-well connectivity and high acceptance，which was the optimum application area in-situ. In the area，the efficiency was as high as 85.7%，and the oil increase was significant with a cumulative oil increase of about 5000 t. The research results provided on-site guidance and theoretical basis for the subsequent development of black nano-sheet flooding technology in fractured-vuggy reservoirs in Tahe oilfield.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2024.03.013