气井化学控水研究进展与挑战及对策探析

Research Progress, Challenges and Countermeasures in Chemical Water Plugging of Gas Wells

贾虎 何威 张雨菲 黎棚武

JIAHu HEWei ZHANGYufei LIPengwu

油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室·西南石油大学, 四川 成都 610500 中国石油新疆油田公司, 新疆 克拉玛依 834000 中国石油塔里木油田公司, 新疆 库尔勒 841000

State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China Tarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Korla, Xinjiang 841000, China

目前，中国已开发气田80%以上产水，严重影响气井产能。化学控水是提高产水气藏采收率的重要手段。综述了国内外常用气井化学控水材料，讨论了控水机理及适应性。结果表明，聚合物及聚合物凝胶通过阻力效应、惯性效应、润滑效应等实现不成比例气水渗透率降低（Disproportionate Permeability Reduction，DPR），其中，聚合物类堵剂适用于中高孔渗储层，通过“预处理液+改性聚合物”提高其环境适应性；聚合物凝胶适用于高温高矿化度、裂缝性产水气藏；相渗调节剂通过润湿性改变实现DPR，适用于低渗、致密、高产水气藏，不适用于裂缝性气藏；功能流体（纳米流体、微乳液体系等）多针对特定储层（如凝析气藏）条件设计，通过润湿性改变实现DPR；泡沫凝胶通过贾敏效应、分流作用实现DPR，适用于强非均质性和裂缝性气藏。同时，分析了气井控水面临的挑战，并进一步提出了根据水来源制定不同控水策略、研制分离膜控水新材料、预处理液改造储层环境和适度产水与控水一体化等6个气井控水策略及研究方向。研究成果可为气井控水实践提供指导。

At present, more than 80% of the developed gas fields in China produce water, which seriously affects the productivity of gas wells. Chemical water plugging is an important means to enhance gas recovery of water producing gas reservoir. This paper summarizes the chemical water plugging materials commonly used in gas wells at home and abroad, and discusses the mechanism and adaptability of water plugging. The results show that the polymer and polymer gel achieve disproportionate gas-water permeability reduction (DPR) through resistance effect, inertia effect and lubrication effect. The polymer plugging agent is suitable for medium and high porosity and permeability reservoirs, and its environmental adaptability is improved by pretreatment fluid + modified polymer. Polymer gel is suitable for high temperature, high salinity and fractured water producing gas reservoir. The relative permeability modifier realizes DPR through wettability change, which is suitable for low permeability, dense and high water producing gas reservoirs, but not suitable for fractured gas reservoirs. Functional fluids (functional nanofluids, microemulsion systems, etc.) are designed for specific reservoir conditions (such as condensate gas reservoirs) to achieve DPR through wettability changes; foam gel achieves DPR by Jiamin effect and shunting effect, which is suitable for strong heterogeneity and fractured gas reservoirs. At the same time, this paper analyzes the challenges faced by gas well water control, and further puts forward six gas well water control strategies and research directions, such as adopting different ideas according to the source of water, developing new materials for separating membrane water control, transforming reservoir environment with pretreatment fluid, and integrating moderate water production and water control. The research results of this paper can provide guidance for gas well water plugging practice.

10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2022.10.26.01