基于地震记录动态范围和二次谱的震源子波替换高分辨率处理方法

高分辨率处理是地震数据处理的核心环节之一。反褶积虽然是高分辨率处理的一种常用方法, 但未充分考虑地震记录动态范围的影响, 因此无法更好地兼顾分辨率和信噪比。为兼顾二者, 提出了一种基于地震记录动态范围及二次谱的震源子波替换高分辨率处理方法。该方法利用地震记录的二次谱反演高精度震源子波二次谱(或零相位震源子波), 在地震记录有效频带范围内利用期望的震源子波振幅谱替换反演的高精度震源子波二次谱(或零相位震源子波)的振幅谱, 从而达到提高分辨率和信噪比的目的。合成地震数据与实际三维地震数据的处理结果表明, 该方法在提高分辨率的同时可较好地提高信噪比, 可被广泛用于地震数据的高分辨率处理。

High-resolution processing is a crucial step in seismic data processing. Deconvolution is one of the most commonly used methods for high-resolution processing, but it overlooks the dynamic range of seismic data; thereby it is difficult to balance resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This paper proposes a wavelet replacement high-resolution processing method based on seismic data dynamic range and quadratic spectrum. We use the quadratic spectrum of seismic data for high-precision source wavelet inversion, and then substitute the amplitude spectrum of the inverted wavelet with that of the expected source wavelet within the effective frequency band. Synthetic and actual data processing demonstrate enhanced resolution and SNR by using the proposed method.