钠离子电池层状正极材料相变与电荷补偿机制

Phase Transition Mechanism and Charge Compensation Mechanism of Layered Cathode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries

魏婷婷 王振宏 伊廷锋

Tingting WEI Zhenhong WANG Tingfeng YI

西北有色金属研究院 镁锂材料研究所，陕西 西安 710016 东北大学 材料科学与工程学院，辽宁 沈阳 110819 中核集团中国核电工程有限公司 郑州分公司，河南 郑州 450000

Institute of Magnesium and Lithium Materials，Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research，Xi'an Shannxi 710016，China School of Materials Science and Engineering，Northeastern University，Shenyang Liaoning 110819，China Zhengzhou Branch，CNNC China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. ，Ltd. ，Zhengzhou Henan 450000，China

金属钠具有资源丰富、成本低廉、分布均匀等优势，因此钠离子电池被认为是最有潜力的大规模储能系统之一。在钠离子电池中，正极材料是影响电池电化学性能及生产成本的关键因素。层状过渡金属氧化物因其能量密度大、合成方法简单及环境友好等优点而备受关注。从组成结构、相变演化机制、电荷补偿机制及改性策略等方面对层状正极材料的研究现状进行全面总结评述，主要揭示了制约层状正极材料电化学性能提升的关键因素，分析了抑制相变过程的有效手段及提升阴离子氧化还原反应可逆性的合理性，并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

Sodium metal has the advantages of abundant sources,low cost and uniform distribution,so sodium-ion batteries are considered to be one of the most promising large-scale energy storage systems.The cathode material in sodium-ion batteriesis a critical factor affecting both the electrochemical performance and production cost of the battery.Layered transition metal oxides have attracted significant attention because of their high energy density,simple synthesis method and environmental friendliness. This paper provides a comprehensive summary and review of the research on layered cathode materials from the perspective of their composition structure,phase transition mechanism,charge compensation mechanism,and modification strategies,which reveal the key factors limiting the improvement of the electrochemical performance of layered cathode materials,analyzing the effective means to inhibit phase transition process and the rational design to enhance the reversibility of anion redox reaction.Furthermore, this paper offers an outlook on future development trend.

国家自然科学基金项目(52374301);河北省自然科学基金项目(1508085MB25);石家庄市驻冀高校基础研究优秀青年项目(241790667A);中央高校基本业务费重大成果培育项目(N2423054)

10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2024.06.002