压裂-闷井-返排一体化工作液研究进展

Research Progress on Integrated Working Fluid for Fracturing，Shut-in and Flowback

邢 亮 董正亮 张衍君 张燕如

XING Liang DONG Zhengliang ZHANG Yanjun ZHANG Yanru

油气工业降本增效目标、绿色环保发展需求和地质工程一体化技术应用迅猛发展，给入井工作液提出新挑战和要求。压裂过程中工作液与地层接触后，发生一系列物理-化学反应，不仅影响压裂本身作业效果，还与压后闷井、返排过程密切相关，进而影响后续油气井产量；此外，不同过程工作液体系还存在同质化浪费、功能性单一和物化性质不相容等问题。因此，明确工作液在各阶段的需求特性、研究现状，对一体化工作液的研制具有重要指导作用。基于此，阐述了工作液在压裂、闷井和返排各阶段需要满足的特性及其当前研究成果；着重介绍了聚合物类、表面活性剂类、泡沫类和气体类工作液各自性能特点及其研究现状；通过对上述几类工作液特性的总结，最后围绕一体化工作液的压裂-提采协同增效、压裂暂堵转向提高液体能效、低碳与绿色转型3个方面进行讨论和展望。一体化工作液涉及理论内容多、作业范围跨度大等问题，需要加强多个工序间协同研究，调研结果可为压裂-闷井-返排一体化工作液研制与改进提供参考。

The goals of cost reduction and efficiency increase in the oil and gas industry，the demands for environment protection development，and the rapid development of integrated geological engineering technology have posed new challenges and requirements for wellbore working fluids. After working fluids contact with the formation during the fracturing process，a series of physical or chemical reactions occur. It not only affects the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing，but also closely relates to the process of shut-in and flowback after fracturing，thereby affecting the subsequent production of oil and gas wells. In addition，the different working fluid systems also face some problems such as homogenization waste，functional singularity and physicochemical incompatibility. Therefore，clarifying the required characteristics and research status of the working fluids at each stage is of great significance for the development of integrated working fluids. Based on this，the characteristics that the working fluid needed to meet and current results in various stages such as fracturing，shut-in and flowback were elaborated. The characteristics and research status for polymer，surfactant，foam and gas working fluids were emphatically described. By summarizing the characteristics of working fluids mentioned above，the discussion and outlook on integrated working fluids were conducted around three aspects， such as synergistic effect of fracturing and extraction，improvement of liquid energy efficiency through temporary plugging of fracturing，and low-carbon and green transformation. The integrated working fluid involved a broad range of researches and techniques. It was necessary to strengthen the collaborative studies between multiple processes. The research results could provide a reference for the development and enhancement of integrated working fluids during fracturing，shut-in and flowback.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2024.04.023