国内外深层煤层气勘探开发进展与启示

Progress and insights from worldwide deep coalbed methane exploration and development

张嘉琪 刘曾勤 申宝剑 赵石虎 陈新军 叶金诚

ZHANG Jiaqi LIU Zengqin SHEN Baojian ZHAO Shihu CHEN Xinjun YE Jincheng

1. 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室, 北京 102206; 2. 中国石化 页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室, 北京 102206; 3. 中国石化 石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 102206; 4. 中国石化 深层煤层气勘探开发重点实验室, 北京 102206

1. State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 102206, China; 2. SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Technology, Beijing 102206, China; 3. Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 102206, China; 4. SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Deep CBM Exploration and Production Technology, Beijing 102206, China

2021年以来，我国深层煤层气勘探开发接连取得重大突破，成为天然气增储上产战略接替资源。为进一步支撑我国深层煤层气高质量发展，亟需对国内外主要含煤盆地煤层气资源禀赋与勘探开发现状进行研究。美国、澳大利亚、加拿大煤层气勘探开发起步早，目前以中低阶浅层煤层气开发为主，煤层埋深浅、渗透率高，主要采用直井开采，单井日产超万立方米；伴随油气战略调整，美国和加拿大不再将煤层气作为勘探重点，澳大利亚则通过探索试验煤系地层合采，煤层气产量跃居全球首位。我国以中高阶深层煤层气开发为主，煤层具有埋深差异大、渗透率低的特征。目前鄂尔多斯盆地成为最大深层煤层气生产基地，大宁—吉县、大牛地等气田多口水平井日产气量超十万立方米；四川盆地深层煤层气勘探取得了积极进展，准噶尔盆地也具备深层煤层气勘探的潜力。国内外煤层气勘探开发经验表明，富集规律认识的突破、工程技术的进步、一体化管理模式的运行及产业扶持政策的出台是煤层气产业快速发展的重要因素；加大不同类型深层煤层气勘探力度、加强理论技术攻关、加快标准体系建设、加大产业扶持政策支持力度，有助于我国深层煤层气高质量勘探和高效开发。

Since 2021, China has achieved significant breakthroughs in deep coalbed methane (CBM) exploration and development, making it a strategic resource for increasing natural gas reserves and production. To further support the high-quality development of deep CBM in China, it is urgent to study the CBM resource endowments and exploration and development status in worldwide major coal-bearing basins. The exploration and development of CBM in the United States, Australia, and Canada started early, currently mainly focusing on the development of medium- to low-rank shallow CBM, characterized by shallow coal seams and high permeability, with production exceeding 10 000 m3/d using vertical wells. However, due to adjustments in oil and gas strategies, the United States and Canada no longer prioritize CBM exploration. Australia, on the other hand, experiments with combined production of coal measures, propelling it to the top of global CBM production. In China, deep CBM exploration mainly focuses on medium- to high-rank deep CBM. The coal seams are characterized by significant depth variation and low permeability. The Ordos Basin has become the largest deep CBM production base. Multiple horizontal wells in the Daning-Jixian and Daniudi gas fields produce more than 100 000 m3 of gas per day. Deep CBM exploration in the Sichuan Basin has made positive progress, and the Junggar Basin shows potential for deep CBM exploration. Experiences from CBM exploration and development shows that breakthroughs in understanding enrichment patterns, advancements in engineering technologies, integrated management models, and industry-supportive policies are important factors for the rapid development of the CBM industry. Increasing exploration efforts for different types of deep CBM, strengthening theoretical and technological research, accelerating the construction of standard systems, and enhancing industry support policies will help foster high-quality exploration and efficient development of deep CBM in China.

中国石化科技部项目(P23206，P23230)和中国石化石油勘探开发研究院院控项目(KTYZL2024090601)联合资助。

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz2025010001