基于水-热-化耦合数值模拟的地热田开发方案优化设计——以河北雄安新区岩溶热储为例

Optimization design of geothermal field development schemes based on hydraulic, thermal and chemical coupled numerical simulation: a case study of karst thermal reservoir in Xiong’an New Area, Hebei Province

刘健 曹强 任小庆 卢星辰 刘一茗 杨宝林

LIU Jian CAO Qiang REN Xiaoqing LU Xingchen LIU Yiming YANG Baolin

1. 中国地质大学(武汉), 武汉 430074; 2. 中国石化 新星石油有限责任公司, 北京 100083; 3. 中国石化 绿源地热能开发有限公司, 河北 保定 071800; 4. 中国地质大学(北京) 能源学院, 北京 100083

1. China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; 2. SINOPEC Star Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China; 3. SINOPEC Green Energy Geothermal Development Co., Ltd., Baoding, Hebei 071800, China; 4. Department of School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

为优化河北雄安新区岩溶热储的地热资源开发方案，在构建三维地质模型的基础上，对地热田开采状态进行水—热—化多场耦合数值模拟。通过敏感性分析，探讨开采时间、采灌流量、井距、回灌温度和回灌率等关键参数对地热田开发效果的影响。结果表明，地热井开采时间延长会导致温度下降和热突破现象，在现有开发场景下，100年开采周期内雄县及容城地区部分地热井温度下降可达4 ℃。减少开采流量或增加井距能有效延缓热突破，延长地热田寿命。在雄县地区，建议井距保持在500～600 m。回灌温度对地热田整体温度场影响不大，但降低回灌温度可提高热利用率。回灌率对地下水位影响显著，100%回灌率能维持地下水位稳定，而90%回灌率会导致地下水位持续下降。总之，合理调整开采周期、采灌流量、井距和回灌策略，可以有效延长地热田的使用寿命，并提高资源利用效率。

For the optimization design of geothermal resource development schemes in karst thermal reservoirs of the Xiong’an New Area, Hebei Province, a hydraulic, thermal and chemical multi-field coupled numerical simulation was conducted on the geothermal field’s extraction status based on a three-dimensional geological model. The influence of key parameters such as extraction duration, extraction and recharge flow rates, well spacing, recharge temperature, and recharge rate on the effectiveness of geothermal field development was discussed using sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the extension of the extraction time of geothermal wells led to temperature decline and thermal breakthrough. In the current development scenario, the temperature of some geothermal wells in Xiongxian and Rongcheng areas could decrease by up to 4 ℃ over a 100-year extraction cycle. Reducing extraction flow rates and increasing well spacing could effectively delay thermal breakthrough and ensure the longevity of geothermal fields. In Xiongxian area, it was recommended that the well spacing should be kept from 500 to 600 m. The recharge temperature had little effect on the overall temperature field of the geothermal field, but reducing the recharge temperature could improve thermal utilization. The recharge rate had a significant impact on groundwater levels. A 100% recharge rate could maintain water level stability, while a 90% recharge rate could lead to a continuous decline in groundwater levels. In general, reasonable adjustment of the extraction cycle, extraction and recharge flow rates, well spacing, and recharge strategy can effectively extend the service life of geothermal fields and improve resource utilization efficiency.

中国地质大学(武汉)构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室开放基金(TR-2022-09)资助。

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz2025020406