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塔里木盆地顺北地区上奥陶统恰尔巴克组烃源岩有机地球化学特征及勘探意义
石油与天然气地质
2025年 46卷 第No.1期
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Title
Organic geochemical characteristics and exploration significance of the Upper Ordovician Qrebake Formation source rocks, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin
作者
何帅
马安来
云露
曹自成
李贤庆
黄诚
张国松
胡松
王铁一
彭威龙
朱志立
崔福田
Authors
Shuai HE
Anlai MA
Lu YUN
Zicheng CAO
Xianqing LI
Cheng HUANG
Guosong ZHANG
Song HU
Tieyi WANG
Weilong PENG
Zhili ZHU
Futian CUI
摘要
塔里木盆地顺北地区上奥陶统恰尔巴克组烃源岩是近期勘探新发现的烃源岩层系,研究恰尔巴克组地球化学特征对下一步油气勘探具有重要有意义。对顺北地区6口钻井烃源岩样品进行了地球化学实验分析测试,对烃源岩有机质丰度、类型和热演化特征进行地球化学综合研究,研究结果表明:①6口钻井上奥陶统恰尔巴克烃源岩主要为灰黑色泥岩、深灰色灰质泥岩和深灰色泥质灰岩。灰黑色泥岩总有机碳含量()为0.20 % ~ 2.81 %,平均值为1.59 %,岩石热解生烃潜量(+)为0.43 ~ 12.05 mg/g,平均值为5.59 mg/g。深灰色灰质泥岩为0.46 % ~ 2.24 %,平均值为1.47 %,+为0.18 ~ 1.97 mg/g,平均值为0.91 mg/g。深灰色泥质灰岩为0.22 % ~ 3.41 %,平均值为1.72 %,+为1.37 ~ 18.56 mg/g,平均值为9.04 mg/g。SB5井、SB7井和SB71X井区有机质丰度最高。②恰尔巴克组烃源岩形成于弱还原偏咸水的海相沉积环境中,母质来源以低等水生藻类为主。大部分样品氢指数()介于289 ~ 512 mg/g,平均值为416 mg/g,为腐殖-腐泥型(Ⅱ)有机质,具有较高的生烃潜力。③SB7井恰尔巴克组烃源岩等效镜质体反射率()介于0.55 % ~ 0.88 %,平均值为0.72 %,为低成熟-中等成熟阶段;SB71X井恰尔巴克组烃源岩介于0.53 % ~ 0.70 %,平均值为0.62 %,为低成熟阶段;SB5井恰尔巴克组烃源岩介于0.85 % ~ 0.95 %,平均值为0.90 %,达到中等成熟阶段。④恰尔巴克组烃源岩厚度为20 ~ 25 m,主要分布在顺北地区5号断裂带和7号断裂带台内洼地。
Abstract
Source rocks in the Upper Ordovician Qrebake Formation in the Shunbei area of the Tarim Basin have been newly discovered in recent exploration. Investigating their geochemical characteristics holds great significance for future hydrocarbon exploration. Using comprehensive geochemical experiments, analyses, and tests on source rock samples from six wells in the Shunbei area, we explore their organic matter abundance, types, and thermal maturity in the Upper Ordovician Qrebake Formation. The results indicate that the selected source rocks consist primarily of grayish-black mudstones, dark gray calcareous mudstones, and dark gray argillaceous limestones. The grayish-black mudstones, among others, exhibit total organic carbon () content ranging from 0.20 % to 2.81 % (average: 1.59 %) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis-based hydrocarbon generative potential (+) from 0.43 to 12.05 mg/g (average: 5.59 mg/g). The dark gray calcareous mudstones show content varying from 0.46 % to 2.24 % (average: 1.47 %) and + from 0.18 to 1.97 mg/g (average: 0.91 mg/g). In contrast, the dark gray argillaceous limestones manifest content ranging from 0.22 % to 3.41 % (average: 1.72 %) and + from 1.37 to 18.56 mg/g (average: 9.04 mg/g). Notably, wells SB5, SB7, and SB71X present source rocks of the highest organic matter abundance. Source rocks in the Qrebake Formation are formed in a weakly reducing, brackish marine sedimentary environment, with parent materials originating primarily from low aquatic algae. Most samples exhibit hydrogen index () values ranging between 289 and 512 mg/g (average: 416 mg/g), suggesting humic-sapropelic organic matter (Type Ⅱ) with high hydrocarbon generative potential. Source rocks from well SB7 present vitrinite equivalent reflectance () ranging from 0.55 % to 0.88 % (average: 0.72 %), indicating low-to-moderate maturity. In well SB71X, the ranges from 0.53 % to 0.70 % (average: 0.62 %), suggesting low-maturity source rocks. Meanwhile, source rocks from well SB5 display between 0.85 % and 0.95 % (average: 0.90 %) of moderate maturity. Source rocks in the formation measure from 20 to 25 m in thickness, distributed primarily in the intra-platform depressions in the Nos. 5 and 7 fault zones in the Shunbei area.
关键词:
生物标志化合物;
分子地球化学;
烃源岩;
恰尔巴克组;
奥陶系;
顺北地区;
塔里木盆地;
Keywords:
biomarker;
molecular geochemistry;
source rock;
Qrebake Formation;
Ordovician;
Shunbei area;
Tarim Basin;