Brucella Intermedi降解条件优化及其对原油的防蜡效果分析

Optimization of Growth and Degradation Conditions of Brucella Intermedia and Analysis of Its Wax Control Effect on Crude Oil

王慧 张海娟 王卫强 杨立鉴

Hui WANG Haijuan ZHANG Weiqiang WANG Lijian YANG

辽宁石油化工大学 石油天然气工程学院，辽宁 抚顺 113001 辽宁石油化工大学 石油化工学院，辽宁 抚顺 113001

College of Petroleum Engineering，Liaoning Petrochemical University，Fushun Liaoning 113001，China School of Petrochemical Engineering，Liaoning Petrochemical University，Fushun Liaoning 113001，China

在含蜡原油的开采和运输过程中，石蜡容易沉积到壁面并形成蜡沉积。近年来，微生物清防蜡技术因其经济环保的优点而受到广泛关注。从原油污泥中筛选出五种菌株，通过对其石蜡降解率及表面疏水性的测定，选定一种高效的石蜡降解菌B3，经鉴定为中间布鲁氏菌（Bruella intermedia）。结果表明，菌B3在温度为40 ℃、初始pH为6、摇床转速为160 r/min的条件下表现出最佳的生长活性，并且对石蜡的降解效果最为显著；当菌B3以石蜡为碳源进行生长代谢时，能够产生脂肽类生物表面活性剂，使液体石蜡的乳化系数达到52.5%；菌B3与原油作用7 d后，防蜡率高达77.2%，在41 ℃的温度下降黏率达到50.2%。综上，菌B3能有效降解石蜡，提高原油流动性，减少蜡沉积。

During the extraction and transportation of waxy crude oil, paraffin will deposit on the wall, forming wax deposition. In recent years, microbial wax removal and prevention technology has been widely studied for its economic and environmental advantages. Five strains of bacteria were screened from crude oil sludge, and through the determination of their paraffin degradation rate and surface hydrophobicity, the bacterium B3 was selected and identified as Bruella intermedia. The experimental results showed that bacterial B3 had the best growth activity at a temperature of 40 ℃, an initial pH of 6, and a shaking table speed of 160 r/min, and had the best degradation effect on paraffin at this time. When bacteria B3 grows and metabolizes with paraffin as a carbon source, they can produce lipopeptide biosurfactants, with an emulsification coefficient of 52.5% for liquid paraffin. After 7 days of interaction between bacteria B3 and crude oil, the wax prevention rate reached 77.2%, and the viscosity reduction rate reached 50.2% at 41 ℃. Bacterial B3 can degrade paraffin, improve crude oil fluidity, and reduce wax deposition.

辽宁省教育厅项目(L2020027);抚顺英才计划项目(FSYC202101001)

10.12422/j.issn.1672-6952.2025.02.007