耐温抗盐聚合物凝胶的研制与性能调控

Preparation and Performance Control of Temperature and Salinity Resistant Polymer Gel

薛新房 徐国瑞 范海明 李玲玉 杨 航 王业飞

XUE Xinfang XU Guorui FAN Haiming LI Lingyu YANG Hang WANG Yefei

油田开发中后期出现的优势渗流通道导致油井含水率上升、产油量下降。为提高凝胶类调剖剂在高温高盐苛刻型油藏中的稳定性，从低浓度聚合物和酚醛交联剂组成的基础交联体系在高温高盐情况下易降解脱水的现象入手，以凝胶强度和脱水率为主要指标，采取半定量的分析方法优选能够提高稳定性的助剂以改善凝胶性能，并评价了所得凝胶体系的凝胶强度和耐温耐盐性能。研究结果表明，在聚合物凝胶体系中加入抗氧化剂1# （含氮有机物）和络合剂 2#（有机膦酸盐）可明显增强体系的稳定性，在矿化度为 45 550 mg/L（其中钙离子含量3120 mg/L）下，配方为0.4%聚合物+0.4%交联剂+1.8%络合剂2#+0.5%抗氧化剂1#的凝胶体系，在 125 ℃内凝胶强度均为H级，相较于基础交联体系，凝胶强度得到提升，稳定性更强；在140 ℃环境中凝胶强度仍可达到E级，老化 180 d后凝胶脱水率仅为5.2%，耐温抗盐性能优异。该凝胶体系具有良好的注入性和封堵性（封堵率大于98%），适用于90～140 ℃的油藏，为复杂苛刻油藏的稳油控水提供技术支撑。

The dominant seepage channel in the middle and later stages of oilfield development leads to the increase of water cut and the decrease of oil production in oil wells. In order to improve the stability of gel profile control agent in high temperature and high salt harsh reservoirs，based on the phenomenon that the basic crosslinking system composed of low concentration polymer and phenolic crosslinking agent is easy to degrade and dehydrate under the condition of high temperature and high salt，the gel strength and dehydration rate were taken as the main indexes，and the additives that could improve the stability was optimized through semi-quantitative analysis method. The gel strength，temperature resistance and salt tolerance of the obtained gel system were evaluated. The experimental results showed that the addition of antioxidant 1#（compounds containing nitrogen）and complexing agent 2#（organic phosphonate）to the polymer gel system could significantly enhance the stability of the system. Under the condition of salinity of 45 550 mg/L（calcium ion content of 3120 mg/L），the gel system，composed of 0.4% polymer + 0.4%crosslinking agent +1.8% complexing agent 2# + 0.5% antioxidant 1#，had a gel strength of H grade at the temperature of 125 ℃， which was stronger than that of the basic crosslinking system. The gel strength could still reach grade E at the temperature of 140 ℃and the gel dehydration rate was only 5.2% after aging for 180 days，exhibiting excellent temperature and salt resistance. The gel system had good injectivity and plugging performance，the plugging rate being greater than 98%，which was suitable for reservoirs with the temperature of 90—140 ℃，and provided technical support for oil stability and water control in complex and harsh reservoirs.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2025.01.011