纳米颗粒抑制沥青质沉淀作用机理及影响因素

Study Progress on Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Asphaltene Precipitation Inhibition by Nanoparticles

韩雨潇 邓舒元 王 博 吴奇骏 付 健 佘跃惠 张 凡

HAN Yuxiao DENG Shuyuan WANG Bo WU Qijun FU Jian SHE Yuehui ZHANG Fan

沥青质沉淀作为石油工业常见的现象，几乎出现在石油生产、加工和运输的各个阶段，给石油与天然气工业带来不利的影响。作为一种新型材料，纳米颗粒（NPs）由于其独特的小尺寸效应、表面效应、量子尺寸效应而具有极高的表面能，在吸附、催化等过程中发挥着极其重要的作用。文章介绍了 NPs 在抑制沥青质沉淀过程中的作用机理包括吸附稳定机制和空间位阻机制，阐述了这两种机制的潜在作用方式；在抑制沥青质沉淀方面，综述了NPs 抑制沥青质沉淀的影响因素，包括NPs 因素、沥青质因素以及介质因素，同时论述了这些因素的潜在作用机理，分析了不同因素间的协同/拮抗作用。

Asphaltene precipitation is a common challenge in the petroleum industry，occurring across nearly every stage of oil production，processing and transportation，often leading to serious operational problem. Nanoparticles（NPs），as a novel class of materials，possess exceptionally high surface energy due to their unique properties，including small size，surface effect，and quantum size effect，making them highly effective in adsorption and catalysis applications. This paper explored the mechanisms by which NPs inhibit asphaltene precipitation，including adsorption stabilization and steric hindrance. The potential action modes of each mechanism were also elaborated. Furthermore，the factors influencing the effectiveness of NPs in inhibiting asphaltene precipitation were reviewed，including nanoparticle factors，asphaltene properties and medium characteristics. The underlying mechanisms of these factors were analyzed，along with the synergistic or antagonistic interactions among them.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2025.01.025