油井堵塞成因分析及对堵塞物中沥青质性质研究

Analysis of Wellbore Blockage Causes and Study on the Asphaltene Properties in Blockage Materials

刁大龙 杜新娟 冯海顺 张欣莹 王继乾 张龙力

Dalong DIAO Xinjuan DU Haishun FENG Xinying ZHANG Jiqian WANG Longli ZHANG

中国石油大学（华东） 化学化工学院，山东 青岛 266580 中国石油化工股份有限公司 胜利油田分公司石油工程技术;研究院，山东 东营 257000 中国石油大学（华东） 化学化工学院重质油全国重点实验室，山东 青岛 266580

College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，China University of Petroleum（East China），Qingdao Shandong 266580，China SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering，China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation，Dongying Shandong 257000，China State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing，College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，China University of Petroleum（East China），Qingdao Shandong 266580，China

针对某油田在开发过程中出现油井堵塞的难题，以Y3原油为研究对象，通过室内实验分析了原油的组成以及井筒堵塞物的主要成分；对油田收集的地层堵塞物进行甲苯抽提，并利用XRD分析了甲苯不溶物的成分；对可溶物部分进行四组分分离，并重点研究了可溶物及Y3油样中沥青质的组成及性质；通过沥青质吸附实验，测量油水界面张力、水下接触角等，探究沥青质极性和芳香性对其界面性质的影响。结果表明，该油井的地层堵塞物主要矿物为石英、长石、方解石等；与Y3原油中沥青质相比，堵塞物中的沥青质分子质量更大，杂原子质量分数以及芳碳率更高，堵塞物中含蜡极少；井筒堵塞的主要原因是沥青质在砂石上的吸附，沥青质杂原子质量分数及极性对吸附量和界面张力等有较大的影响。

To address the challenge of wellbore blockage during the development of a certain oilfield, Y3 crude oil was taken as the research object. Laboratory experiments were conducted to analyze the composition of the crude oil and the main components of wellbore blockage materials.Toluene extraction was performed on formation blockage materials collected from the oilfield, and XRD was used to analyze the composition of toluene?insoluble substances. The soluble fraction was separated into four components, with a focus on studying the composition and properties of asphaltenes in the soluble fraction and Y3 oil samples. Through asphaltene adsorption experiments, oil?water interfacial tension, underwater contact angle, etc., were measured to explore the effects of asphaltene polarity and aromaticity on interfacial properties. The experimental results show that the main minerals of the formation blockage of the wellbore are quartz, feldspar, calcite, etc. Compared with the asphaltene in Y3 crude oil, the asphaltene in the blockage has higher molecular weight, heteroatomic mass fraction and aryl carbon ratiowith minimal wax content in blockage materials. The main cause of wellbore blockage was the adsorption of asphaltenes on sandstone. The heteroatom mass fraction and polarity of asphaltenes had significant effects on adsorption capacity and interfacial tension.

国家自然科学基金项目(U22B20144)

10.12422/j.issn.1006-396X.2025.02.002