中国页岩气勘探开发现状、潜力与发展建议

Status-quo， potential， and recommendations on shale gas exploration and exploitation in China

包书景 葛明娜 赵培荣 郭天旭 高波 李世臻 张嘉琪 林拓 苑坤 李飞

Shujing BAO Mingna GE Peirong ZHAO Tianxu GUO Bo GAO Shizhen LI Jiaqi ZHANG Tuo LIN Kun YUAN Fei LI

中国页岩气主要分布于四川盆地及其周缘地区、中扬子地块、塔里木盆地、桂中坳陷和鄂尔多斯盆地等区域，地质理论创新和工程技术突破推进中国页岩气产业快速发展。不断拓展页岩气勘探开发领域，实现页岩气产业的跨越式发展，对于有效缓解中国油气供需矛盾具有重要作用。研究表明：①截至2023年底，页岩气累计探明地质储量2.96 × 10 m，约占中国天然气总探明地质储量的15 %，年产量约250 × 10 m，占中国天然气产量的13 %，全部来自四川盆地及其周缘的五峰组-龙马溪组。②四川盆地及其周缘中、浅层海相页岩气是稳产、增产的主力军，目前页岩气勘探开发集中在四川盆地深层-超深层新领域、四川盆地外复杂构造区常压海相新区、寒武系和二叠系等新层系以及陆相和海-陆过渡相等新类型。③预测2035年页岩气年产量将达到1 000 × 10 m，约占中国天然气产量的1/3。④建议加大国内页岩气勘探开发力度，丰富和发展多类型页岩气成藏地质理论并持续攻关配套关键技术，大力促进页岩气增储上产。⑤中国页岩气地质资源量为118.67 × 10 m，具有巨大的勘探和开发潜力。

China’s shale gas resources are mainly distributed in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery， middle Yangtze Block， Tarim Basin， Guizhong Depression， and the Ordos Basin. Innovations in geological theories and breakthroughs in engineering technologies have propelled the rapid development of China’s shale gas industry. To effectively alleviate the supply-demand imbalance of oil and gas in China， it is crucial to keep expanding the shale gas exploration and exploitation fields to achieve a leap forward in the shale gas industry. The results of this study indicate that by the end of 2023， China had achieved cumulative proven geological reserves of shale gas of 2.96 × 10 m and an annual shale gas output of around 250 × 10 m， which， all originating from the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery， account for about 15 % and 13 % of the country’s total proven geological reserves and annual output of natural gas， respectively. The shallow to moderately deep marine strata in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery are recognized as the major contributor to the stable production and further reserve growth of shale gas. Currently， China is expanding shale gas exploration and exploitation into new areas， including deep to ultradeep strata in the Sichuan Basin， normal-pressure marine facies in structurally complex regions outside the basin， the Cambrian and Permian sequences， and new-type reservoirs like those of the continental and marine-continental transitional facies. It is predicted that by 2035， the annual shale gas output will reach up to 1 000 × 10 m， representing about one-third of China’s total annual production of natural gas. It is recommended to intensify domestic shale gas exploration and exploitation， and enrich the development of multi-type shale gas reservoir geological theories and supporting key technologies， which are expected to significantly drive the additions to reserves from reserve growth of shale gas. China’s geological resources of shale gas are estimated at 118.67 × 10 m， holding enormous potential for further exploration and exploitation.

10.11743/ogg20250202