页岩弹性参数测量方法及影响因素综述

Measurement methods and influencing factors of elastic parameters of shales

杨晓斌 陈君青 张潇 王玉莹 火勋港 姜福杰 庞宏 施砍园 冉钧

Xiaobin YANG Junqing CHEN Xiao ZHANG Yuying WANG Xungang HUO Fujie JIANG Hong PANG Kanyuan SHI Jun RAN

页岩油气作为非常规油气资源的一种重要类型，蕴藏着巨大的勘探潜力。可压性对页岩油气勘探开发具有至关重要的影响，弹性参数是衡量页岩可压性的核心参数。综述了国内外页岩弹性参数研究取得的进展，分析了面临的诸多问题和挑战。研究表明：①弹性参数的测量方法多样，有压缩法、超声波测量法、纳米压痕法和声波测井法等实验测量法，及数字岩心计算法、等效介质理论法和分子动力学模拟法等理论计算法。每种方法都有各自的优缺点和使用条件，需要根据实际情况来优选。②实验测量法精度较高，但受采样率和实验条件的影响。声波测井法求取的弹性参数是连续动态的，可以反映瞬时加载下的力学性质，但与真实地层长时间静载荷有一定的差别。物理模型理论计算法虽然模型具有明确的物理意义，但需要输入参数较多，方程复杂，实用性较差，且对非主要因素有过多的忽略或假定。分子动力学模拟虽然能够简单、方便地模拟多种矿物组成复合材料的弹性参数，但与实际的地质模型仍有差别，由于实际地下环境复杂多变、难以模拟，模拟结果与实际值有一定的区别。③页岩弹性参数主要受到矿物组分、天然裂缝、围压、孔隙结构、成岩作用和温度等因素的影响，但有机质特征、赋存流体性质、试样尺寸、层理和地应力差异等也都会产生不同程度的影响。未来研究需要在定量关系、多尺度和复杂地质环境方面开发先进技术。

Shale oil and gas hold considerable exploration potential as significant unconventional hydrocarbon resources. The fracability of shales plays a vital role in the exploration and exploitation of shale oil and gas reservoirs and is typically measured using elastic parameters. In this study， we comprehensively investigate domestic and international advances in research on the elastic parameters of shales， along with associated issues and challenges. The results indicate numerous measurement methods for the elastic parameters of shales， including experimental methods （e.g.， compression， ultrasonic measurement， nanoindentation， and acoustic logging） and theoretical calculation methods （e.g.， digital core calculation， equivalent medium theory， and molecular dynamics simulation）. Given the advantages， limitations， and application conditions of these methods， it is necessary to select scientific， accurate ones based on specific situations. Despite their relatively high accuracy， laboratory experimental methods are affected by sampling rates and experimental conditions. For instance， acoustic logging provides continuous， dynamic elastic parameters， capable of reflecting the mechanical properties of shales under instantaneous loading. However， these properties somewhat differ from those under long-term static loading in actual strata. Regarding theoretical calculation methods based on physical models， albeit with well-defined physical implications， these models require many input parameters and complex equations， which lead to reduced practicality. Additionally， these models typically neglect or make assumptions on non-primary factors excessively. For example， molecular dynamics simulation can simulate the elastic parameters of composite materials composed of multiple minerals while remaining simple and convenient to use. However， it still differs from actual geological models with complex and highly variable subsurface conditions， leading to discrepancies between simulation results and actual values. The elastic parameters of shales are primarily affected by factors including mineral composition， natural fractures， confining pressure， pore structure， diagenesis， and temperature. Additionally， they are influenced by organic matter characteristics， the properties and temperature of fluids within shales， sample size， bedding， and in-situ stress difference. Future studies should focus on the R&D of advanced technologies in terms of the quantitative relationships， multi-scale characteristics， and complex geologic environments of shales.

10.11743/ogg20250220