白云岩与白云岩储层成因：回顾、进展与展望

Geneses of dolomites and dolomite reservoirs： Review， advances， and prospects

沈安江 胡安平 谭秀成 乔占峰 郑剑锋 潘立银 佘敏

Anjiang SHEN Anping HU Xiucheng TAN Zhanfeng QIAO Jianfeng ZHENG Liyin PAN Min SHE

本文系统回顾和总结白云岩与白云岩储层成因研究的历史和进展，展望了未来的研究方向。白云岩的研究已有两百多年的历史，白云岩储层研究起始于20世纪50年代。研究认为：①前人建立了以渗透回流和埋藏-压实为代表的不同地质条件的白云石化模式，解释自然界不同特征和产状的白云岩（白云石）成因，认为白云岩孔隙主要是白云石化作用的产物。②近10年进展是通过现代沉积观察和模拟实验，提出了低温有机沉淀白云石、低温交代白云石、高温交代白云石和高温无机沉淀白云石4种成因类型，建立了白云岩（白云石）的地质-地球化学特征识别图版。③不能将白云岩的成因简单地等同于白云岩储层的成因。白云岩孔隙主要是对原岩孔隙的继承和调整，相控性、继承性大于改造性。部分来自埋藏溶蚀作用，但早期白云石化有利于孔隙的保持。④建立了白云岩保持型和灰岩埋藏白云石化型2种白云石化路径，白云岩保持型的成储效应最佳。⑤实验技术的进步深化了对白云岩成因的认识，模拟实验技术则为深化白云岩储层成因认识提供了手段。⑥油气勘探开发要求未来应加强白云岩储层精细表征和建模、基于储层地质模型的测井储层识别和地震储层预测等工作。

This study systematically reviews and summarizes the history and advances of research on the geneses of dolomites and dolomite reservoirs， and outlines the prospects for future research orientations. The study of dolomites has had a history of over 200 years， while research on dolomite reservoirs has been kicked off since the 1950s. Previous studies established dolomitization models under varying geological conditions represented by seepage reflux and burial-compaction， and explained the geneses of dolomites with varying characteristics and occurrences in nature. Accordingly， the dolomite pores may mainly result from dolomitization as concluded. Over the past decade， progress has been made by incorporating modern sedimentary observations and simulation experiments， and four genetic types of dolomites have been identified， that is， the low-temperature organic precipitation type， the low- and high-temperature metasomatism types， and the high-temperature inorganic precipitation type. Based on this， the plot for identifying the geological and geochemical characteristics of dolomites is developed. It has been revealed that the genesis of dolomites cannot be simply equated with that of dolomite reservoirs. The porosity in dolomite reservoirs is mainly inherited from original porosity followed by modification， featuring more significant facies control and inheritance rather than modification. Although some dolomite pores are the products of burial dissolution， early-stage dolomitization is favorable for pore preservation. Two dolomitization pathways， i.e.， dolomitization with protolith texture preserved and burial-based limestone dolomitization， have been identified， with the former exhibiting the optimal reservoir-forming effects. The advancements in experimental techniques have deepened the understanding of the geneses of dolomites， while simulation experiments provide deep insights into the geneses of dolomite reservoirs. In response to hydrocarbon exploration and production， future research should intensify the fine characterization and modeling of dolomite reservoirs， as well as logging-based reservoir identification and seismics-based reservoir prediction using the geological models of reservoirs.

10.11743/ogg20250304