中国氦气勘探开发进展与展望

Progress and prospects of helium exploration and production in China

刘成林 洪思婕 王馨佩 范立勇 王海东 陈践发 朱玉新 丁振刚 张雪 胡浩然

Chenglin LIU Sijie HONG Xinpei WANG Liyong FAN Haidong WANG Jianfa CHEN Yuxin ZHU Zhengang DING Xue ZHANG Haoran HU

氦气是重要的具有战略意义的资源，分析中国氦气勘探与开发进展及其勘探前景具有重大意义。研究分析了中国氦气勘探开发现状，梳理了中国典型含氦天然气田（藏）的地质条件，展望了中国氦气发展前景。研究认为：①氦气在中国主要与烃类或者非烃类气藏伴生，且富氦天然气藏具有多层、多类型分布特征，鄂尔多斯盆地、四川盆地和塔里木盆地是中国3大氦气富集盆地。②中国西部挤压型盆地以壳源氦气为主，少量为幔源氦气，与烃类和非烃类气藏伴生；中部盆地主要为壳源氦气，与烃类气藏伴生；东部拉张型盆地以壳-幔源氦气为主，主要与非烃类气藏伴生。③结合盆地构造背景，划分出7种氦气生运聚模式。④特殊的地质条件与构造演化史使中国具有不同于世界其他地区的氦气地质条件、资源潜力与分布特征。适合中国地质条件的氦气富集理论、对氦气资源潜力准确的认识和创新性的氦气勘探开发技术是中国氦气产量快速上升并稳定发展的关键。

Helium is recognized as an important strategic resource， and analyzing the progress and prospects of helium exploration and development in China holds great significance. In this study， we analyze the current situation of helium exploration and development in China， organize the geological conditions of its typical helium-bearing gas fields （reservoirs）， and discuss the prospects for helium development therein. The results indicate that associated with hydrocarbons or non-hydrocarbons， helium are usually found in both conventional and unconventional gas reservoirs. Helium-rich gas reservoirs in China span multiple strata and types， with the Ordos， Sichuan， and Tarim basins identified as three major helium-rich basins. In the compressional basins of western China， crust-derived helium predominates， followed by a small quantity of mantle-derived helium， both associated with hydrocarbons and nonhydrocarbons. In central China， the basins are dominated by crust-derived helium associated with hydrocarbons. In the extensional basins of eastern China， mixed crust-mantle-derived helium is predominant and is primarily associated with nonhydrocarbons. Furthermore， seven distinct helium generation-migration-accumulation patterns are identified in line with tectonic settings. Compared to other countries and regions worldwide， China exhibits unique geological conditions， resource potential， and distribution patterns for helium due to its special geological background and tectonic evolutionary history. The helium enrichment theories tailored to China’s geological conditions， an accurate understanding of helium resource potential， and innovative technologies for helium exploration and development are critical to the rapid increase in production and stable development of helium in China.

10.11743/ogg20250306